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Background: the link between the vitamin D endocrine axis and frailty remains undefined, with few studies examining the joint effect of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Our objective was to determine the association of frailty with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) and PTH. Setting: cross-sectional analysis within the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). Participants: a total of 1,

Temperatures in the Arctic regions are rising, thawing permafrost and exposing previously stable soil organic carbon (OC) to decomposition. This can result in northern latitude soils, which have accumulated large amounts of OC potentially shifting from atmospheric C sinks to C sources with positive feedback on climate warming. In this paper, we estimate the annual net C gas balance (NCB) of the su

Background: The FTO gene harbors the strongest known susceptibility locus for obesity. While many individual studies have suggested that physical activity (PA) may attenuate the effect of FTO on obesity risk, other studies have not been able to confirm this interaction. To confirm or refute unambiguously whether PA attenuates the association of FTO with obesity risk, we meta-analyzed data from 45

BACKGROUND: Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we

Background: Although global neonatal mortality declined by about 40 percent from 1990 to 2013, it still accounted for about 2.6 million deaths globally and constituted 42 percent of global under-five deaths. Most of these deaths occur in developing countries. Antenatal care (ANC) is a globally recommended strategy used to prevent neonatal deaths. In Kenya, over 90 percent of pregnant women attend

Globally, freshwater ecosystems are warming at unprecedented rates and northern temperate lakes are simultaneously experiencing increased runoff of humic substances (brownification), with little known consequences for future conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We employed an outdoor mesocosm experiment during spring and summer to investigate the combined effects of gradually in

Police crash reports are often the main source for official data in many countries. However, with the exception of fatal crashes, crashes are often underreported in a biased manner. Consequently, the countermeasures adopted according to them may be inefficient. In the case of bicycle crashes, this bias is most acute and it probably varies across countries, with some of them being more prone to rep

NanoMAX is a hard x-ray nanoimaging beamline at the new Swedish synchrotron radiation source MAX IV that became operational in 2016. Being a beamline dedicated to x-ray nanoimaging in both 2D and 3D, NanoMAX is the first to take full advantage of MAX IVs exceptional low emittance and resulting coherent properties. We present results from the first experiments at NanoMAX that took place in December

Background: HIV-1 infection is associated with an increased incidence of and mortality from tuberculosis. Few community studies have examined the effect of HIV-2 on tuberculosis. Methods: We investigated the association between HIV-1, HIV-2 and active tuberculosis in four districts (population 42 709) in Bissau, capital of Guinea-Bissau, with the highest known seroprevalence of HIV-2 infection in

Low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) dimerizes in the phosphate-bound state in solution with a dissociation constant of K-d = 1.5(+/-0.1) mM and an off-rate on the order of 10(4) s(-1).H-1 and N-15 NMR chemical shifts identify the dimer interface, which is in excellent agreement with that observed in the crystal structure of the dimeric S19A mutant. Two tyrosine residues of

Background and Purpose - As stroke in young adults is assumed to have different etiologies and risk factors than in older populations, the aim of this study was to examine the contribution of established potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factors to the burden of stroke in young adults. Methods - A German nationwide case-control study based on patients enrolled in the SIFAP1 study (Stroke

SVENSK SAMMANFATTNING Titel: Why Pay When You Can Get It For Free? A quantitative study of the web-based music industry Seminariedatum: 4 juni 2014 Kurs: FEKH19 Kandidatkurs i Strategic Management, 15 Hp Författare: Erika Fredriksson, Louise Klintner, Evelina Wennerberg Handledare: Christine Blomquist Nyckelord: Web-based music services, Buyer switching costs, Sampling, Willingness to pay, ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH Title: Why Pay When You Can Get It For Free? A quantitative study of the web-based music industry Seminar date: 4 of June, 2014 Topic/Course: FEKH19 Bachelors Thesis in Strategic Management, 15 University Credits Points (UPC) or ECTS-credits) Authors: Erika Fredriksson, Louise Klintner, Evelina Wennerberg Advisor: Christine Blomquist Key words: Web-based music services,

The purpose of this thesis was to explore the sustainability of a renewable village grid micro hydropower project in the Murung Raya district of Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, according to indicators for five dimensions of sustainability: economic, environmental, social, technical, and institutional. The theoretical discussion and subsequent analytical framework are rooted in dimensions o

Många forskare anser att domstolen i Pinnstolsfallet påverkades av den samhällsdebatt som tog fart efter domen i Lindomefallet. I ifrågavarande fall friades två män från ansvar för mord efter att ha skyllt på varandra och det inte gick att bevisa vem som talade sanning. I Pinnstolsfallet å andra sidan dömde domstolen två män för dråp i, vad som verkade vara, utvidgat medgärningsmannaskap. Det utSeveral legal scholars believe that the court in the case of the wooden chair (“Pinnstolsfallet”) was influenced by the public debate that took off after the judicial decision in the case of Lindome (“Lindomefallet”). In the case in question two men were found not guilty of murder after their objections that the other one was the guilty one. In the case of the wooden chair the court found two men

Den europeiska gemenskapen inom försvars-och säkerhetsfrågor rör sig allt mer ifrån transnationellt samarbete mot federal integration. Parallellt med denna utveckling identifieras på EU-nivå i dagsläget dessutom en rad nya säkerhetspolitiska utmaningar som både unionen och medlemsstaterna till stor del är överens om att hantera gemensamt. Likväl förekommer också att krav ställs på mer nationellt sThe European Community in the fields of defence and security is at large moving further and further from transnational cooperation towards federal integration. In line with this development, a number of new security policy challenges have today been identified at EU level and both the EU and a majority of its member states agree that they need to be addressed jointly. Nevertheless, demands from me

Realising social justice has been one of the central goals of the International Labour Organisation since its inception. Yet today the unique environment and dangers associated with working at sea make the world’s 1.2 million seafarers a particularly vulnerable group, both in terms of their physical safety and mental wellbeing, and concerning the realisation of social justice. Social justice is a

The purpose of this master’s thesis is to identify and discuss different ideas and methods used by public libraries in order to make the physical library space accessible and important for children and young people. The main question asked is in which different ways a user perspective is visible in children’s libraries development concerning the physical space. Case studies were chosen as method t

Global population projections foresee the biggest increase to occur in Africa with most of the available uncultivated land to ensure food security remaining on the continent. Simultaneously, greenhouse gas emissions are expected to rise due to ongoing land use change, industrialisation, and transport amongst other reasons with Africa becoming a major emitter of greenhouse gases globally. However,

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The severity of the atherosclerotic burden is hardly quantifiable in subjects at high cardiovascular (CV) risk under intensive pharmacological therapy. Several molecules have been proposed as circulating biomarkers of atherosclerosis, but none has emerged as clinically meaningful.METHODS: Circulating proteins involved in inflammation, plaque remodeling, smooth muscle cell migr

Phase retrieval approaches based on deep learning (DL) provide a framework to obtain phase information from an intensity hologram or diffraction pattern in a robust manner and in real-time. However, current DL architectures applied to the phase problem rely on i) paired datasets, i. e., they are only applicable when a satisfactory solution of the phase problem has been found, and ii) the fact that