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The partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) is an experimentally established phenomenon: behavioural response to a given stimulus is more persistent when previously inconsistently rewarded than when consistently rewarded. This phenomenon is, however, controversial in animal/human learning theory. Contradictory findings exist regarding when the PREE occurs. One body of research has found a w

Purpose. To assess rehabilitation, type of follow-up visits and outcome after bipolar hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture. Method. Two hundred thirty-six consecutive patients with femoral neck fractures treated with hemiarthroplasty were followed for 30 months. Results. One hundred sixty-eight (71%) were women, 175 (74%) over 80 years old and 53 (22%) were demented. Of 150 patients with ava

This paper discusses the underlying causes behind the masculinization of poverty during the period of 1957–1981 in Sweden. Testable hypotheses are derived from a theoretical framework. The findings suggest that the male role as breadwinner disappeared during the analysed period. Lowly educated men and especially male immigrant labour lost their labour market position when industrial society gave w

The world is experiencing deep climate changes caused by increased population and rapid urbanization. Hydropower is one of the renewable energy sources that can be used to meet energy demands, but most of the hydropower plants suffer from silt erosion and cavitation problems. Therefore, it is important to decide which parts to be repair or replace, as it affects the Operation and Maintenance (O&am

Background European forests have a long record of management. However, the diversity of the current forest management across nations, tree species and owners, is hardly understood. Often when trying to simulate future forest resources under alternative futures, simply the yield table style of harvesting is applied. It is now crucially important to come to grips with actual forest management, now t

Several studies have shown that consumers with a high organic consumption often have dietary habits that include more fruit and vegetables but less red meat. This paper takes a novel approach by investigating whether changes in consumption of organics and improvements in dietary habits also are related. The results show that many consumers seem to improve their diet while increasing the organic co

Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and is an important nutrient in the ocean. The global Si cycle plays a critical role in regulating primary productivity and carbon cycling on the continents and in the oceans. Development of the analytical tools used to study the sources, sinks, and fluxes of the global Si cycle (e.g., elemental and stable isotope ratio data for

Sterols regulate several physico-chemical properties of biological membranes that are considered to be linked to function. Ergosterol is the main sterol molecule found in the cell membranes of yeasts and other fungi. Like the cholesterol found in mammalian cells, ergosterol has been proposed to have an ordering and condensing effect on saturated phospholipid membranes. The effects of cholesterol h

We have studied oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) thiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) coated gold nanoparticles (AuOEG) and their interactions with proteins in solutions using electrophoretic and dynamic light scattering (ELS and DLS). The results are compared with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) thiol coated AuNPs (AuPEG). We show that both AuOEG and AuPEG particles carry a low net negative charge and ar

We study the asymptotic behavior of deterministic, continuous-time imitation dynamics for population games over networks. The basic assumption of this learning mechanism --- encompassing the replicator dynamics --- is that players belonging to a single population exchange information through pairwise interactions, whereby they get aware of the actions played by the other players and the correspond

The fight against antibiotic resistance is one of the most significant challenges to public health of our time. The inevitable development of resistance following the introduction of novel antibiotics has led to an urgent need for the development of new antibacterial drugs with new mechanisms of action that are not susceptible to existing resistance mechanisms. One such compound is HAMLET, a natur

Study region: The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a high-altitude region characterized by harsh environmental conditions and limited accessibility, making the monitoring of its numerous lakes a significant challenge. This region is crucial for hydrological studies, and its numerous lakes play an important role in regional water dynamics and climate change research. Study focus: This study evaluates the ap

Background: A childhood cancer diagnosis and treatment-induced somatic late effects can affect the long-term mental health of survivors. We aimed to explore whether childhood cancer survivors are at higher risk of psychiatric disorders later in life than their siblings and the general population. Methods: In this register-based cohort study (part of the Socioeconomic Consequences in Adult Life aft

Spatially-distributed values of glacier aerodynamic roughness (z0) are vital for robust estimates of turbulent energy fluxes and ice and snow melt. Microtopographic data allow rapid estimates of z0 over discrete plot-scale areas, but are sensitive to data scale and resolution. Here, we use an extensive multi-scale dataset from Hintereisferner, Austria, to develop a correction factor to derive z0 v

The purpose of this research is to investigate Generation Y and Generation Z and their relation and approach to influence marketing and what challenges these generations’ preferences and behaviors could generate for managers within lifestyle brands. The research question this study is aiming to analyze is: What role do generational differences play in influence marketing and what are the potential

I takt med att den digitala arbetsmiljön växer måste kraven på användbarhet och tillgänglighet tillgodoses. Detta projekt genomfördes i samarbete med Assa Abloy Entrance Systems som är en global leverantör av automatiska entrélösningar. Projektets syfte var att utvärdera och utveckla användarupplevelsen och användbarheten av ett försäljningsverktyg genom att kartlägga och förstå användarna och derAs the digital work environment is growing, the demands of usability and accessibility must be met with increasingly higher standards. This project was performed in collaboration with Assa Abloy Entrance Systems, a global provider of automatic entrances. The project purpose was to evaluate and develop the user experience and usability of a sales tool by mapping and understanding the users and thei

Traditionellt anses vulkanoklastiska interbeds ha dålig reservoarpotential på grund av de vulkaniska komponenterna, som lätt kan omvandlas till olika lermineral. Publicerade arbeten från interbasaltiska sedimentära avlagringar i Faroe-Shetlands Basin tyder dock på annat. Denna studie syftar därför till att utvärdera porositets- och permeabilitetsegenskaper hos vulkanoklastiska interbeds från FaroeTraditionally, volcaniclastic interbeds have been considered to have poor reservoir potential due to their volcanic components readily altering to various clay minerals, but published discoveries within lava successions in the Faroe-Shetland Basin may challenge this dogma. This study therefore, evaluates porosities and permeabilities for volcaniclastic interbeds from the Faroe Islands Basalt Group

An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a type of machine learning algorithm with widespread usage. When training an ANN, there is a risk that it gets overtrained and cannot solve the task for new data. Methods to prevent this, such as L2-regularization, introduce hyperparameters that are time-consuming to optimize. In this thesis, I investigate a hypothesis which postulates how the optimal L2-regul

Har ditt intresse för friluftsliv och att vistas ute i naturen ökat under Covid-19 pandemin? Har du ”hemestrat” eller naturtturistat i Sverige istället för att åka till Grekland under sommaren? Du är inte ensam om det utan del av en ny global trend där allt fler väljer att upptäcka de naturvärden som finns hemma. Till följd av reserestriktioner och rekommendationer att socialisera utomhus har intDuring the spring of 2020 the world was hit by the Covid-19 pandemic which led to unpredicted and interesting effects in the domestic tourism sector. As a result of travel restrictions and social distancing recommendations there was an increase in visitors to national parks, hiking trails and other recreational areas in Sweden. The amount of visitors to the High Coast trail located in the east of