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Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen behandlar substitutionsprincipen som den är formulerad i utbytesregeln i lagen om kemiska produkter. Denna lagregel tolkas med utgångspunkt i dess kontext i kemikalielagstiftningen. I avhandlingen klarläggs vad utbytesregeln innebär för den som hanterar kemikalier. Myndigheternas förvaltningsrättsliga befogenheter att genomdriva substitutionsprincipen underThe principle of substitution is, in national and international contexts, regarded as an important instrument when striving towards sustainable development and sustainable handling of chemicals.This thesis deals with the principle as it is formulated in the Swedish Act of Chemical Products. The implementation of this rule of substitution is studied from several aspects. The rule of substitution is

Popular Abstract in Swedish Är det möjligt att det pågår en hård kamp under våra fötter när vi tar en promenad i den Skånska lövskogen? Oftast tänker man på ett positivt förhållande mellan växter och marken's bakterier och svampar, där den autotrofa växten omvandlar luften's kol (C), i form av koldioxid, till organiskt C som därigenom blir tillgängligt för mikroorganismerna. Mikroorganismerna bryCompetition between and within species has been one of the most studied concepts in ecology. In this thesis the aim was to test the idea of plant-microbial competition for N and, by studying this interaction, to gain a better understanding of different N processes in soil. The research carried out seeks to investigate plant-microbial competition for N based on the definition that competition only

UHT direct steam injection and steam infusion are widely used; however there is no comparison of their impact on milk components. This study evaluates the structural changes at different steps during the UHT processing of whole milk in a full-scale UHT plant by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size measurements, and follows the enzymatic activity. The results of structural anal

In the last years, many vehicle manufacturers have introduced advancedriver support in some of their automobiles. One of those new featuresis Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), which extends the conventionalcruise control system to control of relative speed and distance toother vehicles. In order to design an ACC controller it is suitable tohave a model on drivers' behavior. Our approach to find dynam

A large number of photovoltaic systems have been installed in developing countries around the world during numerous projects. The goal is often to improve the quality of life in rural areas often lacking electricity. Many of these installations provide important services such as lighting and charging of various devices. However, when the projects are finished, there is a large risk that maintenanc

Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med denna studie var att (I) utvärdera sambandet mellan övervikt mätt med det s.k. body mass index (BMI) och operation med höftleds- eller knäledsprotes (konstgjord led) på grund av artros, (II) utvärdera sambandet mellan mekanisk belastning på grund av yrke och operation med höftleds- eller knäledsprotes på grund av artros, (III) utvärdera naturalförloppet för eThe purpose of this study was to (I) assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) due to osteoarthritis (OA), (II) assess the association between the mechanical load of work and THR and TKR due to OA, (III) evaluate the natural history of radiographic hip OA with regards to THR and hip fracture, (IV) to determine the prevalen

Water extracts of the bark of Uncaria tomentosa, a vine indigenous to South America, has been used for generations as an "immuno modulator". To understand the basis of this immuno modulatory effect we fed mice in their drinking water with C-Med 100, which is a commercially available water extract from Uncaria tomentosa. We found a dose-dependent increase in spleen cell numbers in the supplemented

The aim of this study was to evaluate some bioassays that are different in principle: cell counting, colony forming assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), sulforhodamine B (SRB), crystal violet, and alamarBlue, with respect to their ability to measure cisplatin-induced cell death of in vitro-cultivated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Cispl

Using the density of food left in a patch after foraging - i.e. the giving-up density (GUD) - as a behavioural indicator, short-term foraging studies on birds in the dry and wet fringing forests and savanna habitats of the Amurum Forest Reserve, Laminga, Nigeria, were used to evaluate whether widespread food abundance will affect their behaviour in these apparently-different habitats. The effect o

During the past century, Lake Takern and Lake Krankesjon, southern Sweden, have shifted repeatedly between a state of clear water and abundant submerged vegetation, and a state of turbid water and sparse vegetation. Long-term empirical data on such apparently alternative stable state dynamics are valuable as complements to modeling and experiments, although the causal mechanisms behind shifts are

Aim: To identify early predictors of outcome in infants born at 25 gestational weeks. Material and Methods: Data from a regional perinatal database (time-period 1995-2001, total n = 108 000 births) were used. Apgar scores were available in 92 preterm infants, born at 25 + 0 to 25 + 6 gestational weeks, and analyzed in relation to short-term outcome (180-day survival with, or without, severe brain

In wireless communications, stationary terminal scenarios are becoming increasingly important as bitrates goes up. Consequently, the need to improve the knowledge about the channel behavior and to develop realistic channel models for these scenarios is also increasing. The present work comprises both measurements and modeling of the radio channel when the terminal is stationary. The measurements w

Bertrand supergames with non- binding communication are used to study price formation and stability of collusive agreements on experimental duopoly markets. The experimental design consists of three treatments with different costs of communication: zero- cost, low- cost and high- cost. Prices are found to be significantly higher when communication is costly. Moreover, costly communication decrease

In trying to understand any aspect surrounding the success and failure of information systems practice, concepts of organisational analysis become increasingly important. Many issues arise and must be dealt with when an information system is to be developed and implemented. In order to avoid information system failures information system analysts should adopt an approach, which exploits the intrin

Popular Abstract in English Globalization and new technologies in transportation and communication have opened the doors for partnerships beyond the national and regional borders, making business survival more complex than ever before. We can see more companies outsourcing different aspects of their business in order to focus on one or a few core competencies, which would potentially gain them morIn this dissertation, we discuss how buyers practice purchasing strategies in an asymmetric power situation favoring suppliers, and how their purchasing strategies practiced impact their purchasing power and buyer-supplier relationships. Organizations enter exchange relationships to access required resources not produced internally, and are exposed to uncertainty from not being able to fully contr

1. We analysed time-series data from populations of red kangaroos (Macropus rufus, Desmarest) inhabiting four areas in the pastoral zone of South Australia. We formulated a set of a priori models to disentangle the relative effects of the covariates: rainfall, harvesting, intraspecific competition, and domestic herbivores, on kangaroo population-growth rate. 2. The statistical framework allowed fo

We used radiotelemetry to investigate the time of migratory flight initiation relative to available celestial orientation cues and departure direction of a nocturnal passerine migrant, the reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus, during autumn migration. The study was carried out at Falsterbo, a coastal site in southwest Sweden. The warblers initiated migration from times well after local sunset and

We consider a Casimir apparatus consisting of two perfectly conducting parallel plates, subject to the weak gravitational field of the Earth. The aim of this paper is the calculation of the energy-momentum tensor of this system for a free, real massless scalar field satisfying Neumann boundary conditions on the plates. The small gravity acceleration (considered here as not varying between the two