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Through its decision in Centros, ECJ opened up for a wide use of the freedom of establishment for legal persons. In substance the ruling concluded that there are situations were the freedom of establishment can be relied upon in order to circumvent national legislation. Such circimventional transactions can be denominated as regulatory arbitrage. It is to be understood as the actions by which eco

Background The 2002 EU directive on the energy performance of buildings stipulates that buildings must be energy certified. In order to implement the directive in Sweden it is proposed that a law on the energy certification of buildings be introduced on 1 January 2006. The law shall apply to all buildings where energy is used to condition the indoor climate. However, there are a number of exceptio

Till varje stats suveränitet hör utformningen av dess beskattning. Eftersom flertalet stater använder sig av olika principer vid bestämmandet av beskatt-ningsanspråken leder detta ofta till dubbelbeskattning för företag och indivi-der. Motverkandet av den ofördelaktiga beskattningen sker genom en till-lämpning av skatteavtal då deras syfte primärt är att undanröja eller lindra följderna av internaDesigning of the taxation system belongs to the sovereignty of each state. Since most states use different principles in determining the taxable claims, this often leads to double taxation of companies and individuals. The avoid-ance of the unfavorable taxation is made through the practice of tax treaties, as their primary purpose is to eliminate or mitigate the consequences of in-ternational judi

Bakgrund: En obearbetad traumatisk händelse kan ge både psykiska och fysiska symtom. Många är ovilliga att söka hjälp för framförallt psykisk problematik och saknar kunskap om psykosomatik, det vill säga kopplingen mellan kropp och psyke. Istället kan de söka för sina fysiska symtom, därav är det viktigt för fysioterapeuter att känna till hur ett trauma kan påverka hela kroppen för att således kun

The capacitive biosensor technology can be utilized for the analytical detection of a variety of different compounds. By employing the electrical double-layer principle, it is possible to detect very low concentrations of the target analyte due the methods inherent high sensitivity. This affinity-based capacitive biosensor is a powerful tool also for the analytical detection of low molecular weigh

Radar data at C-band has shown great potential for the monitoring of soil and canopy hydric conditions of wheat crops. In this study, the C-band Sentinel-1 time series including the backscattering coefficients σ0 at VV and VH polarization, the polarization ratio (PR) and the interferometric coherence ρ are first analyzed with the support of experimental data gathered on three plots of irrigated wi

Antibiotic resistance is a major threat for our society and finding novel antibacterial therapies is of greatimportance. In this thesis, we investigate bacterial sialic acid uptake inhibitors as a novel antibacterial approach.Bacteria do not biosynthesise sialic acid and therefore harvest it from the host. Sialic acid plays a crucial role forpathogenic bacteria, since it is used as a source of car

The incorporation of water isotopologues into the hydrology of general circulation models (GCMs) facilitates the comparison between modeled and measured proxy data in paleoclimate archives. However, the variability and drivers of measured and modeled water isotopologues, as well as the diversity of their representation in different models, are not well constrained. Improving our understanding of t

Alzheimer’s disease is an aging related disorder of the mind, accountable for 60-80 percent of all cases of dementia. With its insidious progression and the decline of cognitive abilities, this disease is a major challenge for our society as a whole. This is because of the growing proportion of people living to advanced age and our current lack of capacity to prevent or even give effective symptom

In this paper, we study activity on Twitter in relation to the Swedish political festival Almedalsveckan, a week-long event where political parties, interest organizations, corporations and other actors for decades have gathered on the island of Gotland to discuss politics and public affairs. In 2018, a total of 4311 events (speeches, seminars, debates etc.) were arranged by 1929 separate actors a

Background: The optimal surgical excision margins are uncertain for patients with thick (>2 mm) localised cutaneous melanomas. In our previous report of this multicentre, randomised controlled trial, with a median follow-up of 6·7 years, we showed that a narrow excision margin (2 cm vs 4 cm) did not affect melanoma-specific nor overall survival. Here, we present extended follow-up of this cohort.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous blood disease which is characterized by different mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. Nearly 60% of genetic alterations have been found in AML patients involve in signaling pathways including signaling of tyrosine kinase receptor FLT3. FLT3 mutations emerged as one of the most common mutations in AML which represent around 35% of all AML

Inflammatory airway diseases and lower respiratory tract infections are leading causes of severe illness, disability and death worldwide. Much of today´s hypotheses about the underlying inflammatory processes and pathogenic contribution by immune cells come from in vitro experiments or animal models. As a consequence, our knowledge of the actual immunopathological events in real patient tissues is

Pulchrol, a natural compound isolated from the roots of the vegetal specie Bourreria pulchra has been shown to possess potential antiparasitic activity toward Trypanosomatids, particularly against Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes the Chagas disease; and moderately against Leishmania species, responsible for Leishmaniasis. In this investigation, several pulchrol analogues were prepared and assayed t

Rapporten sammanfattar fjärilsinventeringar utförda 2020 inom Biogeografisk uppföljning som drivs av Naturvårdsverket. I fjällområdet kunde totalt 49 ytor inventeras. Sammanlagt noterades 151 högnordiska blåvingar på 22 inventerade ytor, 53 dvärgpärlemorfjärilar på 25 ytor och minst 1 fjällsilversmygare noterades på 3 inventerade ytor. Svartfläckig blåvinge observerades på 15 av 50 inventerade lok

Aim: The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is a flagship species for global freshwater ecosystems. As one of the most widely distributed Palearctic mammals, the otter used to inhabit most provinces in China. However, after decades of relentless hunting and habitat degradation, the Sanjiangyuan Region is now one of last strongholds for this species in China. Currently, there still remains an enormous kn

This chapter offers a reflection on the value of dialogue across media industries and academia in enhancing understanding of audience engagement and disengagement with media. The basis for this reflection is an industry-academic collaborative project between Lund University and Endemol Shine. The Media Experiences project conducted production and audience research on a range of drama and reality e

Polymer materials have wide applications in many industries, such as the food, pharmacy, construction, textile, and cosmetics industries. For the past few years, polymer materials have drawn the attention of scientists and engineers as a good disinfectant due to their advanced manufacturing methods, large surface areas, good stability, and lowcost. More importantly, polymer materials can be functi

Rotavirus (RV) infections remain the leading cause of world-wide diarrhea-associated morbidity and mortality among children <5 years of age. Despite the global introduction of RV vaccines over a decade ago, RV infections result in >200,000 deaths annually mostly in the low-income countries of Africa and Asia. Efficient clearance of the primary RV infection and protection from future re-infections

Background: Optimal follow-up (FU) strategy to detect potentially curable (PC) recurrences after treatment of localised clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is unclear. This study retrospectively analysed a large international database to determine recurrence patterns and overall survival (OS), as part of a wider project to issue recommendations on FU protocols. Objective: To analyse associatio