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This thesis examines why road transport was initially excluded from the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and what factors contributed to its later inclusion in the EU ETS 2. This thesis will examine how environmental, economic, and political factors contributed to the shift in policy through the lens of the theories of liberal Intergovernmentalism (LI) and neofunctionalism. The research uses a

Saltwater intrusion into coastal groundwater is an increasing concern due to climate change, as drought and declining groundwater levels can allow seawater to infiltrate groundwater aquifers. This study investigates chloride concentrations in eight municipal wells in Fågelmara, Karlskrona, from 2003 to 2025, and groundwater levels in wells nearby from 2019 to 2025, to assess signs of saltwater int

The process of associative inference is one that is vulnerable to social biases and misinformation. Previous research has shown that associative inference, where separate yet related episodes are combined into unified memory representations, benefits from ingroup contexts relative to outgroup contexts. The present study investigated whether these effects arise from differences in source monitoring

Since the Industrial Revolution, human activity has driven major changes in the global climate through increased greenhouse gas emissions. To address this, the EU has introduced several regulatory instruments, including the CSRD and the accompanying ESRS, which require companies to report on environmental and social impacts, risks, and opportunities. As part of these obligations, companies are req

Environmental protection supervision is an important instrument for limiting and controlling the negative effects that environmentally hazardous activities can have on human health and the envi-ronment. Fuel facilities (“gas stations”) are one of these hazardous activities, supervised by envi-ronmental protection inspectors at the municipal level. To ensure legal compliance, inspectors use tools s

Sweden has long been seen as a leader in environmental policy. However, after the reorganization of the Swedish Ministry of the Environment in 2023, concerns have been raised about how this change affects the country’s climate work. This study investigates how the merger of the Ministry of Climate with the Ministry of Enterprise has influenced the political priorities between renewable energy and

Global biodiversity is declining, which threatens ecosystems as well as essen-tial ecosystem services. The corporate sector is an important part of the solu-tion. Companies covered by the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) are required to disclose their impacts on biodiversity according to the European Sustainability Reporting Standard (ESRS) E4 if their impacts are determined to

We are at a critical point where the carbon emissions worldwide must cease. One way to do so is to switch to renewable energy and become less dependent on fossil fuels. Solar power is an energy source which can be expanded rather quickly, and has become more common in the past years. The issue with large scale solar power plants is that they take up a lot of space, which leads to conflict of inter

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of highly persistent synthetic chemicals that have raised growing concern due to their widespread presence in the environment and potential health effects. This study focuses on Lake Bolmen, one of southern Sweden’s most important sources of drinking water, and investigates how PFAS enter and accumulate in the lake. A total of 23 PFAS compound

The public sector is responsible for 28 percent of the average Swedish citizen’s consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe). Looking at purchasing categories with the highest GHGe, consumables – products like paper and single use items – play a significant role. The first step in becoming more circular and reducing waste is often to completely refrain from purchases when possible. However,

One third of the produced food for human consumption is wasted throughout the sup-ply chain. Given that 45% of the Earth's habitable land is classified as agricultural land, of which 16% is used for crop production, this situation is unsustainable. Food packaging could be one of the solutions to reduce food waste. Smart packaging, which includes active and intelligent packaging, is an innovati

IMPORTANCE: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers cause substantial morbidity and mortality. People with HIV (PWH) and solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at heightened risk due to impaired immune function, but direct comparisons of these groups within the same population are limited; understanding the relative risk and contributing factors is essential for targeted prevention and s

AimsTo evaluate the association between diabetes and four peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes: carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE), radial nerve entrapment (RNE), and tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used the Merative™ MarketScan® Commercial Database (2007–2023). Adults ≥18 years were classified as having diabetes or serving as controls.

We aimed to investigate socioeconomic differences between sexes and the influence on outcome following surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) or ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE) at the elbow. Patients with CTS (n = 9000) or UNE (n = 1266) registered in the Swedish National Register for Hand Surgery (HAKIR) 2010–2016 were included and evaluated using QuickDASH 12 months postoperatively. Statistics Sw

Introduction: HIV guidelines recommend switching from a three-drug regimen (3DR) to dolutegravir + lamivudine (DTG+3TC) for eligible individuals. This retrospective national cohort study used Swedish InfCareHIV registry data to evaluate long-term outcomes of adults with HIV RNA <50 copies/ml who switched to DTG+3TC or a guideline-recommended 3DR between July 2019 and May 2023 in routine clinical c

Aim: We investigated the association between levels of leisure-time physical activity and vascular stiffness in a longitudinal observational study from a representative Swedish population. Method: A total of 2816 randomly selected individuals were examined at visit 1 (2002–2005, Men = 1400). After a mean follow-up of 9.7 ± 1.4 years, a representative sample of 1327 of the original participants wer

Urban mobility as we know it is changing. On the one hand, challenges persist ranging from climate change, increasing urbanization and demographic change. On the other hand, recent technological advances enable novel approaches to mobility altogether. This paper investigates Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) as one such innovative mobility form in the context of the changing urban mobility paradigm. Du

In this thesis, we address the problem of locating a passive target using a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with widely separated antennas (WSA). Using a WSA geometry, the spatial diversity of the transmit and receive antennas are utilized to improve the localization accuracy. First, common numerical algorithms are examined, including the Newton-Raphson (NR) method with the maximum lik