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Purpose: To model prediction of undetected glaucoma in a predominantly white population, based on intraocular pressure (IOP) and subject age. Methods: In 1992–1997, a population screening for glaucoma was performed at Malmö University Hospital where individuals between 55–79 years of age (n = 46 614) living in Malmö, were invited to a free eye health examination. Recently examined patients were no

The first step of the adaptive immune response involves the interaction of T cells that express T-cell receptors (TCRs) with peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complexes expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Exactly how this leads to activation of the TCR and to downstream signaling is uncertain, however. Recent findings suggest that one of the key events is the exclusion of the large

The fascinating relationship between structure and property in nanowires has enabled a wealth of applications in photonics and electronics. The behavior of phonons in nanowires is also modified compared to their bulk counterparts. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent efforts to investigate the properties of acoustic phonons in nanowires using ultrafast optical methods. In particula

Development of multiple colorectal cancers (CRCs), synchronously or metachronously, is associated with hereditary predisposition for cancer and accurate risk estimates of multiple tumour development are relevant to recommend rational surveillance programs. A cross-sectional study design was used to estimate the risks of synchronous CRC (SCRC) and metachronous CRC (MCRC) based on data from the Nati

The high open-circuit voltage and the slow recombination in lead-halide perovskite solar cells has been one of the main contributors to their success as photovoltaic materials. Here, we review the knowledge on recombination in perovskite-based solar cells, compare the situation with silicon solar cells, and introduce the parameters used to describe recombination and open-circuit voltage losses in

Motivated by the recent development of fast and ultrasensitive thermometry in nanoscale systems, we investigate quantum calorimetric detection of individual heat pulses in the sub-meV energy range. We propose a hybrid superconducting injector-calorimeter setup, with the energy of injected pulses carried by tunneling electrons. It is shown that the superconductor constitutes a versatile injector, w

Background: Multimorbidity has already become common in primary care and will be a challenge in the future. Primary care in Sweden participates to a great extent in the care of patients with two severe, chronic conditions: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure. Both conditions are characterized by high mortality and often coexist. Age, sex, heart failure and other comorbid

Thermoresponsive microgels find widespread use as colloidal model systems, because their temperature-dependent size allows facile tuning of their volume fraction in situ. However, an interaction potential unifying their behavior across the entire phase diagram is sorely lacking. Here we investigate microgel suspensions in the fluid regime at different volume fractions and temperatures, and in the

Many studies have demonstrated the existence of simple, unidimensional socioeconomic gradients in body mass index (BMI). However, in the present paper we move beyond such traditional analyses by simultaneously considering multiple demographic and socioeconomic dimensions. Using the Spanish National Health Survey 2011–2012, we apply intersectionality theory and multilevel analysis of individual het

Purpose: To describe a new time-saving threshold visual field–testing strategy—Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA) Faster, which is intended to replace SITA Fast—and to report on a clinical evaluation of this new strategy. Design: Description and validity analysis for modifications applied to SITA Fast. Methods: Five centers tested 1 eye of each of 126 glaucoma and glaucoma suspect p

Vacancy-ordered lead-free perovskites with more-stable crystalline structures have been intensively explored as the alternatives for resolving the toxic and long-term stability issues of lead halide perovskites (LHPs). The dispersive energy bands produced by the closely packed halide octahedral sublattice in these perovskites are meanwhile anticipated to facility the mobility of charge carriers. H

Agroforestry systems, which incorporate trees into agricultural land, could contribute to sustainable agricultural intensification as they have been shown to increase land productivity, biodiversity and some regulating ecosystem services. However, the effect of temperate agroforestry systems on pest control and pollination services has not been comprehensively reviewed, despite the importance of t

Aims: Research on the effect of unmet health-care needs on mortality at follow-up is scarce. This study investigated whether unmet health-care needs in 2008 were associated with a higher risk of mortality during a five-year follow-up period in a population in southern Sweden, and whether the association was stronger for particular subgroups of cause of death. Methods: The 2008 public-health survey

Gender equality is widely accepted as an important explanatory factor for the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. However, the relationship is not straightforward, as high country-level gender equality is not always associated with lower IPV prevalence. We apply ‘multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy’ (MAIHDA) to (i) quantify the exten

We calculated the regional deposited dose of inhaled particulate matter based on number/mass concentrations in Amman, Jordan. The dose rate was the highest during exercising but was generally lower for females compared to males. The fine particles dose rate was 1010-1011 particles/h (101-102 μg/h). The PM10 dose rate was 49-439 μg/h for males and 36-381 μg/h for females. While resting, the PM10 de

Large amounts of plastics are released into the environment every day. These released plastics have a clearly documented negative effect on wildlife. Much research attention has been given to large plastic pieces and microplastics. However, if the breakdown of plastics is a continous process, eventually nanoplastics will be produced. Nanoplastics will affect wildlife differently from larger plasti

Précis: A correct diagnosis of glaucoma established at initial visits. Purpose: It has been suggested that a diagnosis of glaucoma cannot be certain until progression has been demonstrated. Our aim was to evaluate the correctness of a glaucoma diagnosis established after 2 initial visits. Patients and Methods: Patients included in the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT) who had continued follow-u

This thesis concerns the theoretical analysis of thermoelectric transport properties and single electron sources in mesoscopic conductors. Wepropose two types of thermoelectric heat engines and analyze them with thehelp of performance quantifiers. We also investigate and compare theproperties of different single electron sources, focusing on their coupledcharge and energy transport. As a common de