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Popular Abstract in English Insects, birds, bats and pterosaurs have all evolved the ability to fly, even though it requires a lot of energy. The advantage is obvious: one can move about vertically, to go where others cannot, find and access distant food sources or escape your predators. But flying is also a very fast mode of transportation, and when you count the amount of energy required to get Flight is an expensive form of locomotion, but also offers the ability to travel great distances at relatively low cost. Birds have developed various adaptations for optimizing flight performance. The main aim of this thesis is to identify how morphological variables in birds affect aerodynamic drag and flight performance. To this end I studied the aerodynamic performance of a jackdaw (Corvus mone

Popular Abstract in Swedish Fordons körmönster, dvs deras hastighets- och accelerationsprofiler, påverkar avgasutsläpp och bränsleförbrukning avsevärt. Detta projekt syftade till att undersöka körmönster i tätort genom att behandla följande delområden: 1) Hur kan körmönster mätas?, 2) Hur kan körmönster beskrivas? – dvs att finna mått för att karakterisera olika egenskaper hos körmönster., 3) Vad Driving patterns, i.e. the speed and acceleration profiles of vehicles affect exhaust emission and fuel consumption considerably. This project was aimed at investigating urban driving patterns by focusing on the following issues: 1) how to measure driving patterns, 2) measures for the description of driving patterns, 3) identification of characteristics of driving patterns that have significant ef

Energy-intensive processing industries (EPIs) such as iron and steel, aluminum, chemicals, cement, glass, and paper and pulp are responsible for a large share of global greenhouse gas emissions. To meet 2050 emission targets, a transition to low carbon, often radical innovations is required, but this process is going slow. Insights from sociotechnical and innovation systems perspectives are theref

Audio description (AD) provides access to audiovisual materials for people with visual impairments and blindness (BVI) and offers a richer and more detailed understanding and experience. The cognitive approach to AD concerns perceptual, cognitive and meaning-making processes underlying production and reception of AD. By meaning-making, we mean multimodal textual and contextual processing, understa

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases in humans, with a subset of sus- ceptible individuals who experience recurrent episodes. e increase in antibiotic resistance in gram-negative uropathogens, due to antibiotic overuse, is a strong rationale for developing therapeutic alternatives and to improve diagnostics. In patients with incomplete bladder emptying (e.

High performance of an explosive compound with respect to afterburning requires sufficient combustible properties of the explosive, and a careful determination of the most appropriate charge positioning to achieve the desired afterburning effect. Understanding the physical processes of post-detonation afterburning and how these are affected by the surroundings, e.g. the Height of Burst (HoB), faciHigh performance of an explosive compound with respect to afterburning requires sufficient combustible properties of the explosive, and a careful determination of the most appropriate charge positioning to achieve the desired afterburning effect. Understanding the physical processes of post-detonation afterburning and how these are affected by the surroundings, e.g. the Height of Burst (HoB), faci

The current paper describes the deictic system of Kamaiurá, a language of the Tupí-Guaraní family. The Kamaiurá system of deictic demonstratives and adverbials has a high degree of complexity, including at least 17 different forms, of which several have different functions. The system codes four levels of Participant deixis, with proximal, medial, distal and far distal deixis. Forms can also code The current paper describes the deictic system of Kamaiurá, a language of the Tupí-Guaraní family. The Kamaiurá system of deictic demonstratives and adverbials has a high degree of complexity, including at least 17 different forms, of which several have different functions. The system codes four levels of Participant deixis, with proximal, medial, distal and far distal deixis. Forms can also code

The negative effects of transport in terms of pollution, congestion and climate change has urged the need for higher shares of cleaner and more efficient modes of transport, especially in urban settings. While new technologycan solve some of these issues, behaviour changes has also been identified as an important factor to achieve a modal shift from cars to walking, cycling or public transport. Th

During early literacy skills development, rhyming is an important indicator of the phonological precursors required forreading. To determine if neural signatures of rhyming are apparent in early childhood, we recorded event-relatedpotentials (ERPs) from 3- to 5-year-old, preliterate children (N = 62) in an auditory prime-target nonword rhymingparadigm (e.g., bly-gry, blane-vox). Overall, nonrhyminDuring early literacy skills development, rhyming is an important indicator of the phonological precursors required for reading. To determine if neural signatures of rhyming are apparent in early childhood, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from 3- to 5-year-old, preliterate children (N = 62) in an auditory prime-target nonword rhyming paradigm (e.g., bly-gry, blane-vox). Overall, nonrhy

The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to improve the management of infections in immunocompromised patients by studying aspects of diagnostics, epidemiology and nosocomial transmission. Infection and rejection are common complications in lung-transplant patients, and early diagnosis and treatment are important for a positive outcome. In a study of lung-transplant patients it was found t

The maximum work rate of animals has recently been suggested to be determined by the rate at which excess metabolic heat generated during work can be dissipated (heat dissipation limitation (HDL) theory). As a first step towards testing this theory in wild animals, we experimentally manipulated brood size in breeding marsh tits (Poecile palustris) to change their work rate. Parents feeding nestlinThe maximum work rate of animals has recently been suggested to be determined by the rate at which excess metabolic heat generated during work can be dissipated (heat dissipation limitation (HDL) theory). As a first step towards testing this theory in wild animals, we experimentally manipulated brood size in breeding marsh tits (Poecile palustris) to change their work rate. Parents feeding nestlin

Promoting resource- and energy-efficient home lighting through technology and behaviour change requires an understanding of how residents currently use lighting and what they want from it. However, users’ needs and desires relating to lighting in homes are poorly understood, as research is still limited. This paper aims to provide a fuller picture of residents’ experiences with their homelighting.Promoting resource- and energy-efficient home lighting through technology and behaviour change requires an understanding of how residents currently use lighting and what they want from it. However, users' needs and desires relating to lighting in homes are poorly understood, as research is still limited. This paper aims to provide a fuller picture of residents' experiences with their home lighting

This article analyzes the formation of citizenship in today’s multi-ethnic Sweden with a par- ticular focus on how migration renders visible existing citizenship ideals, defined in terms of similarity and difference on the basis of ethno-cultural background. Analysing three individual stories of women who have migrated to Sweden, with different biographies and stories of how they ended up in SwedeThis article analyzes the formation of citizenship in today's multi-ethnic Sweden with a particular focus on how migration renders visible existing citizenship ideals, defined in terms of similarity and difference on the basis of ethno-cultural background. Analysing three individual stories of women who have migrated to Sweden, with different biographies and stories of how they ended up in Sweden,

In this paper, the role and significance of opinion-shaping and persuasion activities are explored through an analysis of the activation of women in the Swedish labour market in the 1960s, highlighting the ways in which gender equality ideals became infused in these activities through a process of ‘transformative state feminism’. The analysis draws on qualitative data including archival material aIn this paper, the role and significance of opinion-shaping and persuasion activities are explored through an analysis of the activation of women in the Swedish labour market in the 1960s, highlighting the ways in which gender equality ideals became infused in these activities through a process of ‘transformative state feminism’. The analysis draws on qualitative data including archival material a

This thesis has investigated how the design process used by a textile printmaker practitioner requires further modification when the sun, uncontrollable by nature, is used to activate thermochromic leuco dyes, a dynamic surface variable. In the context of the use of the sun as the dynamic activator, the investigation is focussed on design applications of sun-screening textiles for both indoor and

The socio-physical qualities of built environments are, in several ways, of imperative importance for children growing up. The Child-Friendly Cities initiative by UNICEF, an implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, has made local governments strive toward child-friendliness. The participation of children and young people is often the focus of such projects, with a potential

Scientific assessments, such as those by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), inform policymakers and the public about the state of scientific evidence and related uncertainties. We studied how experts from different scientific disciplines who were authors of IPCC reports, interpret the uncertainty language recommended in the Guidance Note for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth Assess

City marketing and convention bureaus value propositions in the post-covid timeThe role of convention bureaus across the world is to market destinations and cities.This paper explores destination marketing in the post pandemic time. It focusses on thevalues that convention bureaus, a key actor in the meetings industry, propose topotential visitors. The concept of value propositions (VPs) is common

Audio description (AD) serves a critical role in making film narratives accessible to visually impaired audiences, aiming to enhance their viewing experience and comprehension. One method to assess the comprehension of film narratives, is through an event segmentation task, wherein participants delineate the narrative unfolding into distinct meaningful events. In the present study, both sighted anAudio description (AD) serves a critical role in making film narratives accessible to visually impaired audiences, aiming to enhance their viewing experience and comprehension. One method to assess the comprehension of film narratives, is through an event segmentation task, wherein participants delineate the narrative unfolding into distinct meaningful events. In the present study, both sighted an