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Spiral wound modules are the most common modules in the industry due to their low investment and replacement costs plus high packing density. The use of spiral wound modules is often restricted to feed streams with a low temperature (< 75°C) and a low viscosity. The focus of this paper is on a new generation of spiral wound modules, which has been introduced by Alfa Laval Membrane Technology for
Membrane fouling is a constant challenge of membrane processes in separation and purification of organic, biomass originated compounds in food, biorefining and biotechnology industries. It persists due to the complexity and high fouling tendency of the bio-based streams and may result in a decrease of filtration capacity, rejection alteration, reduction of membrane lifetime and increase of operati
We investigate the enrichment patterns of several delivery scenarios of the volatiles to the atmospheres of ice giants, having in mind that the only well constrained determination made remotely, namely the carbon abundance measurement, suggests that their envelopes possess highly supersolar metallicities, i.e., close to two orders of magnitude above that of the protosolar nebula. In the framework
Large multiobject spectroscopic surveys require automated algorithms to optimize their observing strategy. One of the most ambitious upcoming spectroscopic surveys is the 4MOST survey. The 4MOST survey facility is a fibre-fed spectroscopic instrument on the VISTA telescope with a large enough field of view to survey a large fraction of the southern sky within a few years. Several Galactic and extr
In this work, atmospheric pollutant emissions of NOx, SOx, CO, particulate matter (PM), total organic compounds (TOC), and CO2 from larger stationary sources of pollutants in Brazil were inventoried and spatialized over the whole Brazilian territory for the base year 2011. The developed inventory comprises a total of 16 refining units, 1730 thermoelectric power plants (TPPs), 96 cement industries,
Allocating on the basis of need is a distinguishing principle in publicly funded health care systems. Resources ought to be directed to patients, or the health program, where the need is considered greatest. In Sweden support of this principle can be found in health care legislation. Today however some domains of what appear to be health care needs are excluded from the responsibilities of the pub
The global climate transition from the Lateglacial to the Early Holocene is dominated by a rapid warming trend driven by an increase in orbital summer insolation over high northern latitudes and related feedbacks. The warming trend was interrupted by several abrupt shifts between colder (stadial) and warmer (interstadial) climate states following instabilities of the Atlantic Meridional Overturnin
Zone plates are diffractive optics commonly used in X-ray microscopes. Here, we present a wet-chemical approach for fabricating high aspect ratio Pd/Si zone plate optics aimed at the hard X-ray regime. A Si zone plate mold is fabricated via metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) and further metalized with Pd via electroless deposition (ELD). MACE results in vertical Si zones with high aspect ratio
A predictive understanding of soft x-ray near-edge absorption spectra of small molecules is an enduring theoretical challenge and of current interest for x-ray probes of molecular dynamics. We report the experimental absorption spectrum for the electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) molecule (ethyl trifluoroacetate) near the carbon 1s absorption edge between 285-300 eV. The ESCA molecu
Implementing anammox based processes in the mainstream at municipal wastewater treatment plants is challenging and requires carefully constructed control strategies in order to be successful. A method to measure the specific anammox activity was further developed and implemented in the mainstream anammox pilot plant at Sjölunda Wastewater Treatment Plant. The method was found to be reliable and re
Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) has a poor prognosis. The aim was to develop and validate a preoperative risk score for incidental gallbladder cancer (IGBC) in patients scheduled for cholecystectomy. Methods: Data registered in the nationwide Swedish Registry for Gallstone Surgery (GallRiks) was analyzed, including the derivation cohort (n = 28915, 2007–2014) and the validation cohort (n = 78
Climate change researchers argue that a residual domain exists beyond the limits of adaptation to prevent deleterious climate change impacts: this has been labeled as “loss and damage.” Over the last 8 years, there has been significant growth in loss and damage scholarship thus making it imperative to take stock of what we know already and directions for future research. We undertook a quantitativ
The concept of critical performativity–efforts to make critical research more relevant for groups outside academia and develop and communicate action-relevant critical insights with some potential effect–has received considerable interest. Much of this has focused on debates about the core concept and principles. This paper argues for the need to “do”–more than talk about–critical performativity a
This letter is the result of a collaborative process within the degrowth international network. It has been endorsed by more than 2,000 signatories and over 70 organizations from more than 60 countries. All the people whose names are listed have been part the working group writing it. The letter has been published in outlets such as OpenDemocracy (UK), Information (Denmark), Mediapart (France), Th
Background: Since its discovery in 2007, the importance of the human gut bacterium Prevotella copri (P. copri) has been widely recognized with its links to diet and health status and potential as next generation probiotic. Therefore, precise, convenient and cost-effective diagnostic tools for the detection and quantification of P. copri from clinical and environmental samples are needed. Results:
Composite cryogels containing boronic acid ligands are synthesized for effective separation and isolation of bacteria. The large and interconnected pores in cryogels enable fast binding and release of microbial cells. To control bacterial binding, an alkyne-tagged boronic acid ligand is conjugated to azide-functionalized cryogel via the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide−alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The boro
Who benefits from the ignorance of others? We address this question from the point of view of a policy maker who can induce some ignorance into a system of agents competing for resources. Evolutionary game theory shows that when unconditional cooperators or ignorant agents compete with defectors in two-strategy settings, unconditional cooperators get exploited and are rendered extinct. In contrast
The aim of the present investigation was to test the Lysholm knee scoring scale from 1985 for sensitivity and reliability. Thirty-one patients with one of four different diagnoses: anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACL), meniscus tear (MT), patello-femoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and lateral ankle sprain (LAS) participated in the study. None of the patients were in the acute phase of injury, and no
Silver particle-free inks display immense superiority and potential over silver nanoparticle-based inks in the aspect of synthesis, flexibility and low-temperature processing, which has attracted considerable research interest as an alternative for fabricating conductive structures in recent years. Although recent research on silver particle-free inks has led to beneficial results, there are still
