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The interplay of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom presents an outstanding problem in condensed matter physics and chemistry. Computational challenges arise especially for large systems, long time scales, in nonequilibrium, or in systems with strong correlations. In this work, we show how downfolding approaches facilitate complexity reduction on the electronic side and thereby boost the si

Temperature is a crucial parameter of gas flow fields. Here, we present a novel thermometry technique for gas flow based on femtosecond laser-induced cyano (CN) luminescence. Specifically, a femtosecond laser with a central wavelength of 267 nm is used to induce CN violet emissions in a nitrogen flow seeded with a trace amount of methane. The spectral peak of CN B2Σ+- X2Σ+ (0,0) transitions shift

Enolase-1 (Eno1) plays a critical role in regulating glucose metabolism; however, its specific impact on pancreatic islet β-cells remains elusive. This study aimed to provide a preliminary exploration of Eno1 function in pancreatic islet β-cells. The findings revealed that the expression of ENO1 mRNA in type 2 diabetes donors was significantly increased and positively correlated with HbA1C and neg

Pure and hydrated deep eutectic solvents (DES) are proposed to form self-assembled nanostructures within the fluid bulk, similar to the bicontinuous L3 phase common for ionic liquids (ILs). Labelled choline chloride : urea : water DES were measured using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), showing no long-range nanostructure. However, solutions of the surfactant AOT in this DES yielded scatteri

BACKGROUND: Knowledge about the prevalence of women with breast implants is paramount in calculations of risks and in estimations of effects on screening and breast cancer treatment. Most of the estimations of prevalence made to date are rough and often based on sales data. The main aim of this study was to calculate the prevalence of breast implants in Swedish women. The secondary aim was to inve

In July 2000 the five-year Swedish national “Socware Research & Education Program” was started. One of the aims of the program was to develop an innovative unique educational curriculum in System-on-Chip design. The program was targeted at undergraduate and graduate. In total the program received USD $15 million funding. In 2005 the program entered a new phase; more than 500 Master’s students

The aim of this population-based registry study was to explore how cancer influences the health of partners, by examining the onset of new diagnoses for partners, health care use and health care costs among partners living with patients with cancer. The sample consisted of partners of patients with cancer (N = 10 353) and partners of age- and sex-matched controls who did not have cancer (N = 74 59

Breast and ovarian cancer patients harboring BRCA1/2 germline mutations have clinically benefitted from therapy with PARP inhibitor (PARPi) or platinum compounds, but acquired resistance limits clinical impact. In this study, we investigated the impact of mutations on BRCA1 isoform expression and therapeutic response. Cancer cell lines and tumors harboring mutations in exon 11 of BRCA1 express a B

Background: We have previously shown that a Palaeolithic diet consisting of the typical food groups that our ancestors ate during the Palaeolithic era, improves cardiovascular disease risk factors and glucose control compared to the currently recommended diabetes diet in patients with type 2 diabetes. To elucidate the mechanisms behind these effects, we evaluated fasting plasma concentrations of g

Objective: The aim of this study was to create a model for predicting progression-free survival after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. Material and methods: The risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) was modelled in a cohort of 3452 men aged 70 years or younger who were primarily treated with radical prostatectomy after being diagnosed between 2003 and 2006 with localized prostat

Detection of the androgen receptor splice variant 7 in circulating tumor cells and in prostate cancer tissue harbors prognostic and predictive information. The true value of measuring androgen receptor splice variant 7 to predict response to different treatments is still unproven but is currently under evaluation in clinical trials.

Most clinical studies use conventional methods for survival analysis and calculate the risk of the event of interest, however, it is important to understand that the study population is also at risk of competing events, for example death from other causes. Moreover, the risk of competing events may be dependent on the participants' characteristics. Whether competing risks are taken into account or

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and currently lacks effective therapy enabling long-term functional recovery. Ischemic brain injury causes local inflammation, which involves both activated resident microglia and infiltrating immune cells, including monocytes. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) exhibit a high degree of functional plasticity. Here, we determined the role of MDMs in longterm

BACKGROUND:: While increased mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well established there is conflicting evidence on the association between osteoarthritis (OA) and mortality. Our aim was to estimate all-cause mortality in Swedish patients with RA and OA compared with the general population. METHODS:: Cohort study of the population of Skåne region, Sweden (1.3 million), based on physicians’ di

Leukemia cutis or leukemic cell infiltration in skin is one of the common extramedullary manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and signifies a poorer prognosis. However, its pathogenesis and maintenance remain understudied. Here, we report massive AML cell infiltration in the skin in a transplantation-induced MLL-AF9 AML mouse model. These AML cells could regenerate AML after transplantat

Objectives: Genome-wide association studies have revealed over 200 genetic susceptibility loci for prostate cancer (PCa). By combining them, polygenic risk scores (PRS) can be generated to predict risk of PCa. We summarize the published evidence and conduct meta-analyses of PRS as a predictor of PCa risk in Caucasian men. Patients and methods: Data were extracted from 59 studies, with 16 studies i

The growing number of disease-specific patient registries for rare diseases has highlighted the need for registry interoperability and data linkage, leading to large-scale rare disease data integration projects using Semantic Web based solutions. These technologies may be difficult to grasp for rare disease experts, leading to limited involvement by domain expertise in the data integration process

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex hematological malignancy marked by proliferation of immature myeloid cells with a dismal 5-year survival. A major challenge is the persistence of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) after standard treatment, leading to relapse. This thesis employs in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 screening to investigate critical AML and LSC molecular mechanisms, interrogating the dependancies

Enabling techniques for separating target cells, such as subgroups of white blood cells and cancercells from blood and other body fluids, are necessary for lab work facilitation, inline integration withhigh-end bioanalytical instrumentation, and for point-of-care or home testing. The work of this thesisaddresses this need by further studying an equilibrium-based ultrasonic wave-based technology ca

Primary and secondary bile acids (BAs) influence metabolism and inflammation, and the gut microbiome modulates levels of BAs. We systematically explore the host genetic, gut microbial, and habitual dietary contribution to a panel of 19 serum and 15 stool BAs in two population-based cohorts (TwinsUK, n = 2,382; ZOE PREDICT-1, n = 327) and assess changes post-bariatric surgery and after nutritional