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Diabetes remains one of the four major causes of morbidity and mortality globally among non-communicable diseases (NCDs. It is predicted to increase in sub–Saharan Africa by over 50% by 2045. The aim of this study is to identify, map and estimate the burden of diabetes in Ghana, which is essential for optimising NCD country policy and understanding existing knowledge gaps to guide future research

Background: A growing literature suggests associations between occupational pesticide exposure and respiratory health. In this study, we aimed to examine the association of exposure to insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, individually and as a mixture, with respiratory health outcomes and rhinitis in avocado farmworkers from Michoacán, Mexico. Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectio

Place branders express a desire for their work to aid in addressing crises such as climate change through sustainable developments that assist with brand positioning, yet little is known about how place branding professionals manage tensions and contradictions that arise between sustainability and investment development. This paper qualitatively explores how place branders talk about ecological su

Titanium alloys are known for being difficult to machine. Within the groups of Ti alloys, the machinability is reduced when going from the α-alloys, to α + β, and finally to near-β or β-alloys. Uncoated cemented carbide is traditionally used for machining these alloys and finding a suitable coating to improve the performance is a challenge due to the high strength of Ti alloys and the high chemica

Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors (TFETs) offer more energy efficient alternative to CMOS for design of low power circuits. In spite of this potential, circuits based on TFETs have not been experimentally demonstrated so far. In this letter, we explore TFET fabrication and basic functionality of n-TFET based circuits in the following configurations: a current mirror, a diode-connected inverter, and

Background: Febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most severe bacterial infections in infants, in which a subset of patients develops complications. Identifying infants at risk of recurrent infections or kidney damage based on clinical signs is challenging. Previous observations suggest that genetic factors influence UTI outcomes and could serve as predictors of disease severity. I

Objectives: This study aims to determine the independent impact of definitions of remission/low disease activity (LDA) on direct/indirect costs (DCs, ICs) in a multicentre inception cohort. Methods: Patients from 31 centres in 10 countries were enrolled within 15 months of diagnosis and assessed annually. Five mutually exclusive disease activity states (DAS) were defined as (1) remission off-treat

Background: Communication is a key tool in the nursing profession. It is known that listeners are sensitive to the speaker's voice and interpret the speaker's intentions primarily from the non-verbal signal conveyed. Aim: To map and discuss the current state of knowledge and research evidence on professional voice use in health and nursing care. Design and Method: A scoping review adherent to the

We show that by combining deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) with electrokinetics, it is possible to sort cells based on differences in their membrane and/or internal structures. Using heat to deactivate cells, which change their viability and structure, we then demonstrate sorting of a mixture of viable and non-viable cells for two different cell types. For Escherichia coli, the size change

Simulation results for light transport in long tapered CsI(Tl) crystals using look-up tables (LUTs) are presented. The LUTs were derived from the topography of a polished and a lapped surface of a CsI(Tl) crystal measured with atomic force microscopy. Simulations with different combinations of polished and lapped surfaces were performed, to extract the non-uniformity of light collection depending

CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of statins and other lipid-lowering agents on the development of Graves orbitopathy (GO) in patients with newly diagnosed Graves disease (GD). METHODS: Our sample included the full adult population of individuals living in Sweden with newly diagnosed GD between 2005 and 2018 (n = 34 894). We compared the GO incidence in statin user

Objectives Most indices of disease activity in SLE combine physicians' assessments and laboratory tests. However, there is also a need to capture patients' perspectives of disease activity. Consequently, we need new, preferably quick and easy instruments to collect this information, which can be very useful for online consultations and registry purposes. We compared patients' assessments of SLE di

Background: Second primary cancers (SPCs) are increasing due to improving survival in first primary cancers. Previous studies on SPCs in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have focused on treatment and other risk factors, but data of RCC as an SPC are scarce. Objective: In this study, we want to elucidate the risk for any SPC after RCC, and in reverse order, for RCC as an SPC after any cancer. We addition

Background: Mast cells (MCs) are known to contribute to both acute and chronic inflammation. Bronchial epithelial cells are the first line of defence against pathogens and a deficient anti-viral response has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma exacerbations. However, effects of MC mediators on bronchial epithelial immune response have been less studied. The aim of this stud

Background Evidence-based guidance for starting ages of screening for first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) to prevent stage III/IV or fatal PCa is lacking in current PCa screening guidelines. We aimed to provide evidence for risk-adapted starting age of screening for relatives of patients with PCa. Methods and findings In this register-based nationwide cohort study,

Ferroelectric and ferroelastic domains have been predicted to enhance metal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cell performance. While the formation of such domains can be modified by temperature, pressure, or strain, established methods lack spatial control at the level of single domains. Here, we induce the formation of ferroelastic domains in CsPbBr3 nanowires at room temperature using an atomic for

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) resides asymptomatically in the nasopharynx but can progress from benign colonizer to lethal pulmonary or systemic pathogen. Both viral infection and aging are risk factors for serious pneumococcal infections. Previous work established a murine model that featured the movement of pneumococcus from the nasopharynx to the lung upon nasopharyngeal inoculation w

The risk of major amputation is higher after urgently planned endovascular therapy for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this nationwide cohort study was to compare outcomes between patients with and without DM following urgently planned open revascularization for CLTI from 2010 to 2014. Out of 1537 individuals registered in the Swedish Va