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Summary: Upstream open reading frames (uORFs, often encoding so-called leader peptides) can regulate translation and transcription of downstream main ORFs (mORFs) in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, annotation of novel functional uORFs is challenging due to their short size of usually <100 codons. While transcription- and translation-level next-generation sequencing methods can be used for gen
Active prechamber spark-ignition engines are a feasible and effective solution in reducing fuel consumption and pollutant emissions for internal combustion engines. However, reliable and low-cost numerical approaches need to be developed to support and speed-up their industrial design, considering their geometric complexity and the involved multiple-flow length scales. In this work, a computationa
In this letter, we propose a class of efficient, accurate, and general methods for solving state-estimation problems with equality and inequality constraints. The methods are based on recent developments in variable splitting and partially observed Markov processes. We first present the generalized framework based on variable splitting, then develop efficient methods to solve the state-estimation
Low-temperature nanostructured electron-transporting layers (ETLs) for perovskite solar cells are grown by reactive sputtering at 160 °C with thickness in the range 22-76 nm and further stabilization in air at 180 °C to improve the lattice structure and to consequently reduce charge recombination during solar cell operation. In addition, the post-deposition treatment aims at leveling differences a
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates in female adolescents are increasing. Irrespective of treatment options, approximately 1/3 will suffer secondary ACL injuries following their return to activity (RTA). Despite this, there are no evidence-informed RTA guidelines to aid clinicians in deciding when this should occur. The first step towards these guidelines is to identify relevant and feas
Background: Biologgers have contributed greatly to studies of animal movement, behaviours and physiology. Accelerometers, among the various on-board sensors of biologgers, have mainly been used for animal behaviour classification and energy expenditure estimation. However, a general principle for the combined sampling duration and frequency for different taxa is lacking. In this study, we evaluate
The research study focuses on the application of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to develop a collaborative user-centered approach within the context of organizational learning, and concludes with suggestions of further research. More specifically, it explores library users’ and academic librarians’ ideal characteristics for the library discovery and access services mediated through the Onl
Flavin-dependent halogenases are known to regioselectively introduce halide substituents into aromatic moieties, for example, the indole ring of tryptophan. The process requires halide salts and oxygen instead of molecular halogen in the chemical halogenation. However, the reduced cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH 2
Good hygiene, in both health care and the community, is central to containing the rise of antibiotic resistance, as well as to infection control more generally. But despite the well-known importance, the ecological mechanisms by which hygiene (or other transmission control measures) affect the evolution of resistance remain to be elucidated. Using metacommunity ecology theory, we here propose that
Dynamic heterogeneity in lung ventilation is an important measure of pulmonary function and may be characteristic of early pulmonary disease. While standard indices like spirometry, body plethysmography, and blood gases have been utilized to assess lung function, they do not provide adequate information on regional ventilatory distribution nor function assessments of ventilation during the respira
The role of time-dependent freezing of ice nucleating particles (INPs) is evaluated with the “Aerosol–Cloud” (AC) model in 1) deep convection observed over Oklahoma during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Cloud Experiment (MC3E), 2) orographic clouds observed over North California during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (ACAPEX), and 3) super
Hanteringen av stallgödsel i jordbruket orsakar en stor del av utsläppen av ammoniak i Sverige. För att uppnå Sveriges mål om att minska utsläppen av ammoniak behöver jordbrukare utföra åtgärder som minskar utsläppen av ammoniak. Samtidigt är det viktigt att ta hänsyn till hur åtgärder som minskar ammoniakutsläppen också kan bidra till att minska utsläpp av växthusgaserna metan och lustgas. Här di
The main objective of this thesis was to identify methods for the detection of ß-lactam resistance in staphylococci, bacteria often causing nosocomial infections. Detection of ß-lactam resistance in these species is difficult due to strong regulation of genes encoding for the two main resistance mechanisms, ß-lactamase production and the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2?. ß-lactamase has high af
A super-regenerative oscillator to be used as a receiver for ultra wideband impulse radio signals is demonstrated for the V-band (50-75 GHz). The study is based on experimental and simulated results using a gated tunnel diode based super-regenerative oscillator, which is used as the core of a super-regenerative receiver. Simulated pulse error rates for an impulse radio signal that is modulated by
Sex allocation is an important field in evolutionary biology, both historically and currently. However, while sex allocation theory has successfully predicted sex ratio bias in some taxa, most notably parasitic wasps, vertebrates are notorious for their poor fit to theoretical models. We argue that this arises from the use of very complex model systems to test relatively simple theoretical models.
