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We employ the optimal orthogonal portfolio approach to investigate if the size and book-to-market effects in US data are related to risk factors beside the market risk. This method enables us to estimate the upper limit of the risk premium, due to observed as well as all possible unobserved factors, which can be derived from a linear asset pricing model. As a corollary, it is possible to divide th
When using a reduced ECG lead system with three leads or less, the analysis of atrial activity during arrhythmias can become problematic due to low signal amplitude and noise. Long ago, Sir Thomas Lewis proposed a lead system for atrial activity enhancement in which two electrodes are placed directly on the chest, however, these leads are sensitive to arm movement artifacts. In this study, a modif
Biosynthetic nerve grafts are desired as alternative to autologous nerve grafts in peripheral nerve reconstruction. Artificial nerve conduits still have their limitations and are not widely accepted in the clinical setting. Here we report an analysis of fine-tuned chitosan tubes used to reconstruct 10 mm nerve defects in the adult rat. The chitosan tubes displayed low, medium and high degrees of a
This paper presents a Sorted QR-Decomposition (SQRD) processor for 3GPP LTE-A system. It achieves energy efficiency by co-optimizing techniques, such as heterogeneous processing, reconfigurable architecture, and dual-supply voltage operation. At algorithm level, a low-complexity hybrid decomposition scheme is adopted, which switches, depending on the energy distribution of spatial channels, betwee
Eutrophication of the Baltic Sea has in Sweden led to the initiation of government schemes aiming to increase wetland areas in agricultural regions and thereby reduce nutrient transport to the sea. Landowners play a significant role as providers of this ecosystem service and are currently offered subsidies to cover their costs for constructing and maintaining wetlands. We undertook a grounded theo
Aims/hypothesis We selected the most informative protein biomarkers for the prediction of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with type 2 diabetes. Methods In this nested case-control study we measured 42 candidate CVD biomarkers in 1,123 incident CVD cases and 1,187 controls with type 2 diabetes selected from five European centres. Combinations of biomarkers were selected using cross-
OBJECTIVE: To determine which factors increase the risk of large caesarean scar defects as assessed by transvaginal ultrasound. DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING: University Hospital. POPULATION: One hundred and eight women who had undergone one caesarean section. METHODS: Transvaginal ultrasound examination of the scar in the uterus 6-9 months after the caesarean. Published ult
This paper presents a maximum likelihood based approach to data fusion for electromagnetic (EM) and electrical resistive (ER) tomography. The statistical maximum likelihood criterion is closely linked to the additive Fisher information measure, and it facilitates an appropriate weighting of the measurement data which can be useful with multi-physics inverse problems. The Fisher information is part
In the search for improved glucose oxidising enzymes for biofuel cells, a number of Agaricus meleagris (Am) pyranose dehydrogenase mutants (mPDHs) exhibiting different degrees of glycosylation were produced using site-directed mutagenesis and electrochemically characterised. The response of electrodes modified with different mPDHs is compared in a mediated electron transfer mode, where the electro
The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of in vivo x-ray dark-field radiography for early-stage diagnosis of pulmonary emphysema in mice. Furthermore, we aimed to analyze how the dark-field signal correlates with morphological changes of lung architecture at distinct stages of emphysema.
Decrease of the human brain temperature was induced by intranasal cooling. The main purpose of this study was to compare the two magnetic resonance methods for monitoring brain temperature changes during cooling: phase-difference and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) with high spatial resolution. Ten healthy volunteers were measured. Selective brain cooling was performed through nasa
By paying particular attention to the local economic context, this paper analyzes the factors that influence rural non-agricultural employment and earnings. The empirical analysis is based on the Brazilian Demographic Census, allowing for disaggregated controls for the local economy. Education stands out as one of the key factors that shape employment outcome and earnings potential. Failure to con
We study how the quality and instability of institutions and policies affect economic growth in 35 European countries. While stability entails valuable predictability, instability can reflect reforms that offer positive long-run consequences. We construct measures of quality and instability for a panel of countries for 1984-2009. Results suggest that the quality of policy is growth-promoting. Nota
We present a detailed study of the use of a non-parallel, inhomogeneous magnetic field spectrometer for the investigation of laser-accelerated ion beams. Employing a wedged yoke design, we demonstrate the feasibility of an in-situ self-calibration technique of the non-uniform magnetic field and show that high-precision measurements of ion energies are possible in a wide-angle configuration. We als
The Lie splitting algorithm is frequently used when splitting stiff ODEs or, more generally, dissipative evolution equations. It is unconditionally stable and is con- sidered to be a robust choice of method in most settings. However, it possesses a rather unfavorable local error structure. This gives rise to order reductions if the evolution equation does not satisfy extra compatibility assumption
The prevalence of diabetes has been increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Treatment of diabetes-related complications adds a huge financial burden on our health services, made worse in the current financial climate. The Eurodiale (European Study Group on Diabetes and the Lower Extremity) study was a prospective observational study conducted in 14 European centers in 2003 to 2004 and included d
