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Free fatty acids (FFA) have generally been proposed to regulate pancreatic insulin release by an intracellular mechanism involving inhibition of CPT-1. The recently de-orphanized G-protein coupled receptor, FFA(1)R/GPR40, has been shown to be essential for fatty-acid-stimulated insulin release in MIN6 mouse insulinoma cells. The CPT-1 inhibitor, 2-bromo palmitate (2BrP), was investigated for its a
In vitro, expanded neurospheres exhibit multipotent properties and can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In vivo, cells from neurospheres derived from mouse fetal forebrain have previously been reported to predominantly differentiate into glial cells, and not into neurons. Here we isolated stem/progenitor cells from E13.5 lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE), medial ganglio
Purpose: Hypoxia in breast cancer is associated with poor prognosis and down-regulation of the estrogen receptor. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a hypoxia-inducible gene that has been associated with poor outcome in many epithelial cancers. Previous studies of CA IX in breast cancer have been carried out on mixed cohorts of premenopausal and postmenopausal patients with locally advanced disease
Popular Abstract in Swedish Modellsystem för metall-DNA interaktioner Med fokus på anticanceraktiva platina(II) komplex Guld är ett mytomspunnet och fascinerande ämne som ger liv. Ett påstående som kanske förvånar, eftersom guld ofta förknippas med vackra smycken och rikedom. Att guld skulle ge liv var dock en förhoppning i Kina på 600-talet f. Kr. Där använde man nämligen metalliskt guld för medReactions of trans-dicyanodichloroaurate(III) trans-dibromodicyanoaurate(III), trans-diamminedichlorogold(III), cis-diammine(aqua)chloroplatinum(II), cis-ammineaqua-(cyclohexylamine)chloroplatinum(II), chloro(terpyridine)platinum(II) and chloro-(diethylenetriaminepalldium(II) with dimethyl sulfide, thionucleosides, thionucleotides and thione- and guanine-containing 17-mer oligonucleotides have bee
Popular Abstract in Swedish Grupp A streptokocker (GAS) ger upphov till infektioner lokaliserade till svalg och hud såsom akut pharyngotonsillit (halsfluss), impetigo (svinkoppor), erysipelas (rosfeber) men även till invasiva (djupa) infektioner med allvarlig prognos, speciellt scarlatina (scharlakansfeber), puerperalfeber (barnsängsfeber), nekrotiserande fasciit och andra mjukdelsinfektioner samtGroup A streptococci (GAS) cause throat and skin infections, severe invasive diseases as well as the non-suppurative complications acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. GAS have retained susceptibility to betalactam drugs, but resistance to alternative antibiotics is of concern. In a large Iranian survey the carrier rates among symptom-free children and those with pharyngotonsillitis were
Popular Abstract in Swedish ”Har en galopperande häst vid något tillfälle alla hovarna i luften samtidigt?” Den här till synes enkla frågan är inte helt enkel att svara på eftersom det inte går att avgöra med blotta ögat om så är fallet. För att avgöra om hovarna verkligen är i luften på samma gång behöver vi andra redskap med bättre tidsupplösning än våra ögon. Första gången någon lyckades göra eOne objective of attosecond science is to study electron dynamics in atoms and molecular systems on their natural time scale. This can be done using attosecond light pulses. Attosecond pulses are produced in a process called high-order harmonic generation, in which a short, intense laser pulse interacts with atoms or molecules in a highly nonlinear process, leading to the generation of high-order
This thesis explores the possibility of using advanced device geometries and heterostructure engineering to manipulate, control, and study the electrical and optical properties of semiconductor nanowires. The first part of the thesis investigates the use of different gate-all-around architectures for creating new types of gate-controlled nanowire devices, primarily intended for fundamental studies
When trying to integrate more fossil-free heat sources such as renewable energy and heatrecycled from other processes into the current district heating systems, problems occur due tothe high temperature levels in the systems. There are many reasons to why the temperaturelevels are high, but one frequently occurring issue is that the return temperatures of thecustomer in
Background: Less than half of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) respond to their first antidepressant trial. Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) remains poor, and there is no reliable method of predicting treatment response. Methods: Thirty-seven MDD subjects and 41 healthy controls, somatically healthy and medication-free f
BACKGROUND: The PBDX/XG gene encoding the Xga blood group antigen was described in 1994, but the genetic determinant of XG expression on RBCs was reported only in 2018. However, the frequencies of Xg(a-) individuals could not explain the rarity of anti-Xga makers. We therefore sought to elucidate the molecular basis of the Xg(a-) phenotype in people producing anti-Xga .STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Tw
Currently, in the era of big data and 5G communication technology, electromigration has become a serious reliability issue for the miniaturized solder joints used in microelectronic devices. Since the effective charge number (Z*) is considered as the driving force for electromigration, the lack of accurate experimental values for Z* poses severe challenges for the simulation-aided design of electr
Pairing rotations and pairing vibrations are collective modes associated with a field, the pair field, which changes the number of particles by two. Consequently, they can be studied at profit with the help of two-particle transfer reactions in superfluid and in normal nuclei, respectively. The advent of exotic beams has opened, for the first time, the possibility to carry out such studies in medi
Background: Prognostic factors in patients with localized primary cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) are well described. However, prognostic factors for recurrence are less documented. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify prognostic risk factors for first recurrence in patients with localized stages I-II CMM using population-based data. Methods: This study included 1437 CMM patients r
Background: Inguinal hernia repair is the most common operation in general surgery. Prosthetic reinforcement of the inguinal area with polypropylene mesh has increased dramatically in the last decade. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different types of mesh affect the spermatic cord structures. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into three groups. The spermatic cord was dissected free and
Study aim: Retrospective studies have demonstrated a worse outcome in breast cancer patients not developing leukopenia during adjuvant chemotherapy. The SBG 2000-1 is the first randomised trial designed to compare individually dosed chemotherapy without G-CSF support based on grade of toxicity to standard-dosed chemotherapy based on body surface area (BSA). Methods: Patients with early breast canc
Central limit theorems for linear statistics of lattice random fields (including spin models) are usually proven under suitable mixing conditions or quasi-associativity. Many interesting examples of spin models do not satisfy mixing conditions, and on the other hand, it does not seem easy to show central limit theorem for local statistics via quasi-associativity. In this work, we prove general cen
Objective: In non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), local recurrence after transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) is common. Outcomes vary between urological centres, partly due to the sub-optimal surgical technique and insufficient application of measures recommended in the guidelines. This study evaluated early recurrence rates after primary TURB for NMIBC before and after introduci
Hydroxide ion conducting poly(terphenyl alkylene)s functionalized with piperidine-based quaternary ammonium cations were synthesized via superacid-catalyzed polyhydroxyalkylations. By employing different synthetic strategies, we have systematically varied the structures of the cation and the backbone polymer to study the effects on morphology, stability and hydroxide conductivity. Two monomers wer
