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Air sampling and biological sampling have been performed to examine the exposure to nicotine in the Nicorette patch and Nicorette gum production at Pfizer Health AB in Helsingborg, Sweden. For this purpose stationary and personal sampling equipment have been used. At the Nicorette patch production, XAD-2 tubes were used to sample nicotine vapor and at the Nicorette gum production Teflon filters we
This thesis deals with the application of the so-called Essential Facilities Doctrine in Community law against the background of the special characteristics and needs of the biotechnology industry. The Essential Facilities Doctrine obliges under competition law the dominant owner of an essential facility to grant access to third parties on non-discriminatory terms. When obliged to grant access the
Känneteckensrätten, vilken främst består av firma- och varumärkesrätt, syftar till att skydda innehavarens ensamrätt till ett kännetecken. Varumärken och firmor individualiserar de varor, tjänster eller verksamheter de betecknar. Kännetecknens främsta funktion är att garantera konsumenterna varans ursprung, den s.k. ursprungsfunktionen. Det finns dock en tendens till att allt mer se känneteckensrä
RATIONALE: Very preterm infants (i.e. born before 32 weeks of gestation) are at risk of cerebral injury and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) enables continuous monitoring of cerebral oxygenation to guide clinical management. Interest in NIRS has grown in recent years, highlighting the need for better evidence to support its clinical efficacy in im
White quinoa grains were used as a source of novel beneficial microorganisms and as a matrix for development of a fermented plant-based drink. Studies on the quinoa grain microbiota were performed by applying spontaneous fermentation to allow isolation of autochthonous Lactiplantibacillus strains with potential to be used as starter cultures. The quinoa-based drink was fermented with the commercia
The research community recently proposed a low-temperature combustion (LTC) concept that can simultaneously reduce Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and soot emissions while maintaining high engine efficiency. Given that diesel fuel is prone to preignition with early injection, gasoline-like fuel with high octane number is utilised to provide sufficient ignition delay and extend the load range. Understanding
Importance: Aortic stiffness, as assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, is an independent predictor of future events in individuals with hypertension. Recent data suggest a predictive role of estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) calculated by previously published equations using age and blood pressure in future events in individuals with hypertension. Objective: To investigate whether eP
IntroductionConsidering that on average in developed countries we spend about 65% of our time in private homes, understanding the exposures in homes is of outmost importance. Aerosol concentrations indoors come from indoor sources, infiltrate from outdoors and can be formed from precursors both of indoor and outdoor origin. Several characteristics and processes influence the properties of aerosols
Background: Few data have looked at the occurrence and clinical correlates of self-reported shorter than desired ejaculation latency (rapid ejaculation, RE) and its related distress in the general population. Aim: To determine the prevalence and clinical correlates of self-reported RE and RE- related distress in middle age and older European men. Methods: Subjects were recruited from population sa
Background: A childhood cancer diagnosis and treatment-induced somatic late effects can affect the long-term mental health of survivors. We aimed to explore whether childhood cancer survivors are at higher risk of psychiatric disorders later in life than their siblings and the general population. Methods: In this register-based cohort study (part of the Socioeconomic Consequences in Adult Life aft
Shallow lakes have great ecological and recreational values. They are also largely affected by humans, mainly through eutrophication, and great efforts are therefore being put into the understanding of these ecosystems. The knowledge is however not complete, and more research is needed to manage these lakes in a sustainable way. The physical characteristics that are special for shallow lakes compa
Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a rheumatic disorder that causes chronic joint inflammation beginning before the age of 16 years. Pharmacological treatment necessary to prevent joint destruction and functional impairment includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), intra-articular corticosteroids, conventional synthetic (cs) disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (D
The field of research dealing with the integration of biomolecules with electronic elements to form functional devices is called ‘‘bioelectronics’’. Bioelectronics based on mediated electron transfer (MET) between the biological element and the electrodes are designated as “second generation” while the one based on direct electron transfer (DET) is specified as “third generation”. Implanted bioele
Importance: The 2023 American College of Rheumatology and American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Clinical Practice Guideline concluded that obesity alone should not delay joint replacement. Therefore, a substantially increased utilization of joint replacement among patients with obesity could be expected. However, patients with obesity are at increased risk of revision, posing unique challe
Abstract: The zooplankton community of The Area of Multiple Use Hawaii (AUMH), South Pacific Coast of Guatemala mangrove channel ecosystem was studied in the dry season between February and March 2011. Zooplankton samples were taken during two lunar cycles, four tidal cycles (flood, high water (HW), ebb, low water (LW)), at four different sites. For each sampling occasion, salinity, pH, dissolved
Popular science summary: Is RpS6 activation important for leukemia cell progression? Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the most common acute blood cancer in adults. It is characterized by a rapid increase of leukemic cells in the bone marrow, compromising the development of new blood cells. Despite improvement in treatments and advancements in supportive care, the overall 5-years survival of AML i
Popular science summary: New approaches for treating lakes with ammonia pollution Extract of Yucca shidigera, a desert plant, has been used in aquaculture to control ammonia in the water. Microalgae has been proved effective in removing ammonia and phosphorous from wastewater of agriculture and aquaculture. Therefore, it is possible that they could remove ammonia from lakes. Hence, several fish t
Plea bargaining kan beskrivas som att åklagaren, i utbyte mot att den misstänkte erkänner en eller flera gärningar, kan besluta att inte väcka åtal för vissa andra gärningar eller att väcka åtal för ett lindrigare brott. Detta brukar betecknas som åtalsförhandlingar, till skillnad från påföljdsförhandlingar, där åklagaren i utbyte mot att den misstänkte erkänner, går med på en viss straffnivå som Plea bargaining can briefly be described as the possibility for the defendant to confess to one of several charges or to a less serious charge, in return for the prosecution dismissing other charges. This is commonly referred to as charge bargaining unlike sentence bargaining where, in exchange for the defendant confessing, the prosecution agrees to a lenient sentence and requests that it be impos
Bakgrund Behandlingsriktlinjer omsätter vetenskaplig evidens till praktiska regler. De är en del av sjukvårdens säkerhetsåtgärder och syftar till att göra vården säker, enhetlig, möjliggör kvalitetskontroll och minskar sjukvårdskostnader. Men det är också viktigt att inte förväxla skapande eller hantering av dokument med att hantera faktisk säkerhet. Ett strikt fokus på följsamhet till regler kan Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) translate scientific knowledge into practical rules. They aim to improve safety, ensure consistency, enable quality control, and mitigate rising healthcare costs. CPGs and other written instructions are often the target or result of safety interventions in healthcare, but it is important to avoid the trap of managing documents rather than actual safe
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) is a large group of pollutants that, over the last decade have been of great academic concern since it has been found all around the globe. PFAS is ubiquitous in our environment and frequently found in low background concentrations in soil and water; recent research has also found that PFAS occur in biotic samples, such as fish and plants. This literature
