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International courts have relied on article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, which is an inherent element of the general rule of interpretation, more and more frequently in the recent years. The chief aim of this Master thesis is to determine the significance that the European Court of Human Rights gives to it. At the outset, the meaning of article 31(3)(c) is explained.
Local residents are often considered as destination stakeholders and their role assumed to be important in the destination development. However, when it is coming to their direct engagement in Destination Management Organizations (DMO) strategic planning, the question of their actual engagement on practice arises. This research discusses stakeholder theory and its application to the tourism indust
Syfte: Syftet är att ur ett resursbaserat perspektiv öka förståelsen för ett konsultföretags resursanvändning, och för de bakomliggande faktorer som skapar framgång i ett växande konsultföretag. Syftet är även att utreda om den resursbaserade teorin kan vara ett komplett analysverktyg för sådana företag. Metod: Vi använder oss av en kvalitativ metod med deduktiv ansats. Vi kommer med hjälp av priPurpose: The purpose is to increase the understanding of the resource allocation of a consultancy firm from a resource-based view, and analyze how the underlying factors can create success in a growing consultancy firm. The purpose is also to review if the resource-based view can be used as an analyzing tool for such firms. Methodology: We have been using a qualitative method with a deductive ap
Popularized summary Nowadays, the growing prevalence of natural disasters is driving people to pay more and more attention to emergency management. Progress in catastrophe analysis capabilities based on Geographical Information System (GIS) may allow the needs of public participation to be considered. Synchronous data sharing between citizens and emergency workers could effectively promote the proScientific summary The increasing prevalence of natural disasters is driving people to pay more and more attention to emergency management. Progress in catastrophe analysis capabilities based on Geographical Information System (GIS) may allow the needs of public participation to be considered. Synchronous data sharing between citizens and emergency workers could effectively promote the process of
In response to recent observations from JWST and Atacama Large Millimeter Array, we explore a new class of dynamically self-consistent models that mimics a plausible progenitor of the Milky Way over a wide range of disk gas fractions, fgas. The high gas surface densities encourage vigorous star formation, which in turn couples with the gas to drive turbulence. We show that this coupling through mo
Documentary evidence is crucial in most arbitration cases. Increasingly, parties are facing the problem of how to compel or induce their adversaries to produce documents exclusively possessed by the latters. Courts possess the power to enforce their orders for the production of such documents. For arbitral tribunals, lacking imperium or means of coercion, there are real doubts as to the enforceabi
Among the layers of a plant community, the canopy has the most important hydrological function in water circulation. Understanding the canopy’s inner structure and its relationship to water transport is fundamental for the functional mechanisms of the vegetation canopy. Using an artificial rainfall simulator to supply three levels of rainfall intensity, the interception of rainfall by the canopy w
Among the layers of a plant community, the canopy has the most important hydrological function in water circulation. Understanding the canopy’s inner structure and its relationship to water transport is fundamental for the functional mechanisms of the vegetation canopy. Using an artificial rainfall simulator to supply three levels of rainfall intensity, the interception of rainfall by the canopy w
Denna kunskapssammanställning beskriver hur hälsoskadlig värme kan uppstå inomhus, hur den kan identifieras och vilka åtgärder som kan vidtas med fokus på fastighetsägarens ansvar. Sammanställningen är begränsad till befintliga byggnader i Sverige och inkluderar skolor, äldreboenden, lägenheter, förskolor och kontor som är icke-industriella (utan industriella processer som producerar värme). Den pThis literature review describes how heat stress can develop indoors, how it can be identified, and what actions can be taken, with a focus on property owner’s responsibilities. The review is limited to existing buildings in Sweden and includes schools, retirement homes, apartments, preschools, and non-industrial offices (those without industrial processes that produce heat). The expected climate
Terminal differentiation of mammalian erythroid progenitors involves 4-5 cell divisions and induction of many erythroid important genes followed by chromatin and nuclear condensation and enucleation. The protein levels of c-Myc (Myc) are reduced dramatically during late stage erythroid maturation, coinciding with cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and enucleation, suggesting possible roles for c-Myc in
Generally, simplified manual protocols can serve as a cost-effective alternative to sophisticated automation solutions. We have developed, validated and implemented a quick, inexpensive and efficient one-tube direct lysis DNA extraction protocol for the majority of our crime scene samples. The method includes one pipetting step, the addition of a lysis buffer based on Chelex beads, Proteinase K an
In animals, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a mitochondrial protein that carries out the fourth step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Because this is the only enzyme of this pathway that is localized to mitochondria and because the enzyme is cytosolic in some bacteria and fungi, we carried out studies to understand the mode of targeting of animal DHODH and its submitochondrial localizat
Efficient microbial sampling from surfaces for subsequent detection and quantification is crucial in fields such as food safety and hygiene monitoring. Cotton swabs are traditionally used for sample collection, but today there are numerous swabs of alternative material and different sizes available. Recovery efficiencies of swabs for different applications have been compared in several studies. Ho
One important question concerning a risk description is to what extent it should contain information about the uncertainty surrounding an estimated probability for an event, for example, by using some form of probability range. Presenting a point estimate together with a range can inform the decision-maker about both the best judgement as well as the strength of knowledge regarding the probability
Samhällsreformer och utvecklingen inom den svenska offentliga sektorn har omformat förutsättningarna för socionomyrket och andra professioner samt förändrat socionomernas arbetsområde. Jag har använt begreppet karriär för att undersöka förändringar inom socionomprofessionen, eftersom det ger ett perspektiv för att belysa stabilitet och förändring samt kan fånga både externa och interna krafter i pSocietal reforms and development within the Swedish public sector have reframed the prerequisites for social workers, and other professions, and changed the area of work practice. I have used the career concept in order to investigate professional change because it provides a conceptual lens to illuminate stability and change and it captures both external and internal professional processes. To ma
Understanding about regional versus local changes in vegetation is critical in answering archaeological questions, in particular at a time when humans are assumed to have caused higher disturbances at local scales rather than regional scales; this is the case during the Neolithic. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of Neolithic land use on regional and local vegetation dynamics, plant c
Alkyl glycoside surfactants with elongated carbohydrate chains are useful in different applications due to their improved biocompatibility. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases can catalyse the elongation process through the coupling reaction. However, due to the presence of a hydrophobic tail, the interaction between an alkyl glycoside acceptor and the active site residues is weaker than the interact
With platelet activation, there is modulation of platelet surface molecule expression. In flow cytometric analyses of in vivo platelet activation, results are often confounded by activation induced in vitro by the preparative procedures. It is particularly important therefore to prevent or retard platelet activation as soon as possible after withdrawal of the blood sample. Taking blood into parafo
The addition of polyelectrolytes (PEs) to suspensions of charged colloids, such as nanoplatelets (NPs), is of great interest due to their specific feature of being either a stabilizing or a destabilizing agent. Here, the complexation between a PE and oppositely charged NPs is studied utilizing coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations based on the continuum model. The complex formation is eval
Assignment5 (kopia) Assignment 5 Do others people influence your thoughts? Assignment for Friday 28/2 (deadline Thursday 27/2 13.00) Spend one day during the weekend to keep track of the types of social information you have access to and use when making various decisions. Select three decisions, ideally as different as possible, and take a cl
https://www.fil.lu.se/media/utbildning/dokument/kurser/EXTF75/20141/Assignment5.pdf - 2026-07-03
