Search results

Alla företag, stater, myndigheter och organisationer är i behov av att kunna locka till sig extra kapital till att användas för att finansiera olika verksamheter. Det finns ett flertal olika metoder för detta ändamål såsom banklån, obligationslån, strukturerade produkter, eller utgivning av nya aktier. Uppsättningen av finansieringsmetoder som används av ett företag kallas företagets kapitalstruAll companies, governments, states and organisations need to raise additional finance for different purposes. There are several different methods, such as bank loans, bonds, notes, structured products or new equity, available to obtain the required amount of money. The set of financial sources used by a corporate entity is called the company´s capital structure. Commonly, a company uses a number

New family stuctures are constantly emerging in society. Are these changes mirrored in foster care practice? The aim of this study was to explore to what extent homosexual families are represented when a child is given a foster home. The nuclear family has throughout history been assured a stable position both in society as well as in the foster care practice. During the last ten years a homosexua

As energy demand soars to new levels in heavily industrialised European countries, difficult decisions have to be made on how to ensure sufficient future energy capacity. The decision of the EU to put nuclear energy back on the agenda as a means of solving this issue must be seen against the backdrop of the debate over climate change and the outspoken policy to substantially reduce greenhouse gas

”Kan vi inte längre lita på dem som vi gett förtroende och makt urholkas samhällets legitimitet. Att bekämpa korruption handlar därför ytterst om att slå vakt om det demokratiska samhället.” Rättssäker myndighetsutövning, förtroendeskadligt beteende samt korruption är nyckelord i uppsatsen. Sverige bedöms i flera undersökningar som ett land utan större problem med korruption och att företeelsen “When we can no longer rely on those in whom we have placed our trust and have empowered, the legitimacy of society is undermined. Therefore, the fight against corruption is, to a high degree, a safeguard of democratic society” Authorities who follow the law in their actions and those whose behaviour damages trust are two opposite poles of great importance. In several studies, Sweden is graded a

Sammanfattning Svensk polis saknade länge ett uttalat lagstöd för rätten att använda våld. De gavs i äldre lagstiftning en befogenhet att bruka nödvändigt våld för att avvärja ett livsfarligt angrepp på sig själv eller någon annan. Däremot förelåg dem ingen rätt att vid ett ingripande ta till våld. Svensk polis ska alltid försöka hitta andra utvägar än våld för att lösa en uppgift inom ramen för Summary Swedish police lacked for a long period of time an explicit legal basis for the right to use force. They were in an older legislative powered to operate necessary force to repel a life threatening situation on himself or anyone else. However, the police had no given right to take on violence due to an intervention. Swedish police should always try to find other ways than violence to solve

Återkrav av felaktigt utbetalt statsstöd är en grundbult i statstödssystemet. Statsstöd som är oförenligt med den inre marknaden, artikel 107 FEUF, och som strider mot genomförandeförbudet i artikel 108(3, ska återkrävas i sin helhet. Stöd som enbart strider mot genomförandeförbudet medför krav på att mottagaren ska betala ränta. Kravet på återbetalning får dock inte strida mot en unionsprincip, Recovery of state aid is a pillar of the state aid control system. Aid in breach of Article 107 and 108(3) TFEU, incompatible aid, is retrieved in full, whereas aid which is only in breach of the standstill obligation, Article 108(3), is the subject to payment of interest. The Union acknowledges three exemptions to the recovery obligation: a recovery is in breach of Union principles, the aid was p

Sammanfattning Titel: Hur kan en före detta monopolist överleva på en konkurrensutsatt marknad? - En fallstudie av Apoteket AB Seminariedatum: 2013-01-18 Ämne/kurs: FEKH19, Examensarbete kandidatnivå, 15 hp Författare: Britta Ek Thomas, Emma Järvefelt, Ulrika von Celsing Larsson Handledare: Ola Mattisson Nyckelord: Apoteksmarknaden, Omreglering, Dynamiska kapabiliteter, Förändringsprocess, KSummary Title: How is it possible for a previous monopolist to survive when exposed to competition? - A case study of Apoteket AB Seminar date: 2013-01-18 Course: FEKH19, Strategic Management, Degree Project Undergraduate Level, 15 Swedish University Credit Points Authors: Britta Ek Thomas, Emma Järvefelt, Ulrika von Celsing Larsson Advisor: Ola Mattisson Key words: Pharmacy market, Deregula

Title A quantitative study on the buying behaviour of Generation Z Keywords: Consumer credit, BNPL, consumer behaviour, generation Z, impulsive buying Background: The Buy now, pay later service has been developing rapidly in recent years and is being regarded as one of the fastest-growing modes of digital payments. There is an increasing number of online retailers and platforms partnering with p

E-book reading is not as widespread in Sweden as in other technically comparable countries such as the USA, England and Germany. This has to do partly with a limited commercial market, as well as with the nature of distribution of e-books through libraries which are at the forefront of making e-books accessible in Sweden. Although e-books and the Swedish e-book market have gained attention among r

I slutet av 2014 hade 38 miljoner människor runt om i världen flytt sina hem till följd av krig, konflikt och våld. Att rädda liv och minska lidandet för dessa flyktingar är syftet med humanitärlogistik. Beredskap en nyckelroll i humanitära organisationer eftersom det är ett verktyg för att minska det negativa genomslaget av framtida händelser. En vanlig beredskapsåtgärd är att så kallad för-positAt the end of 2014, 38 million people around the world had fled their homes due to man-made disasters such as war, armed conflict and violence. To save the lives and alleviate the suffering of these refugees and displaced is the purpose of Humanitarian Logistics. Preparedness is of key importance in humanitarian organisations as it is a tool to reduce the impact of coming events. One common prepar

In this master thesis an environmental assessment is carried out for rapeseed biodiesel (RME Rape Methyl Ester) and ethanol from wheat. The assessment is done considering Swedish conditions. Both these fuels are considered for use in heavy duty vehicles. The studied environmental impact categories are: GWP (Global Warming Potential), AP (Acidification Potential), EP (Eutrophication Potential), Par

The innovative efforts of the pharmaceutical sector have provided society with numerous new remedies and medicines. Innovation is considered to be of key importance to the sector. The aim of the thesis is to analyse how the relevant legal frameworks should be developed to account for the innovative need of the sector. In order to develop these frameworks it is important to understand the underlyin

Förtal har, mot bakgrund av #metoo-rörelsens framväxt, fått ökad samhällelig uppmärksamhet. Främst kvinnor har blivit dömda för förtal i samband med offentliga uttalanden om upplevelser av sexuella övergrepp, där dem pekat ut en viss man som deras förövare. Offentliga uttalanden om en annans brotts-lighet eller förkastlighet, trots dess sanning, är kriminaliserat i Sverige. San-ningsbevisning tillDefamation has, in the context of the #metoo movement, received increased social attention. Mainly women, have been convicted of defamation in relation to public statements about experiences of sexual assault, in which they have identified a certain man as their perpetrator. Public statements about another´s criminality or reprehensibility, despite its truth, are criminalized in Sweden. Truth evid

Issue of study: In decentralised companies, products that are not in the central assortment, but still sold by the subsidiaries are known as local assortment. Understanding the reasons to why local assortment exists is important for the companies to ensure compliance. To have products that comply with laws and regulations are especially vital in the agricultural industry, due to its large personal

The main research question that guides the analysis for this Work Package 6 Deliverable 6.3 report is: What are the barriers and opportunities that govern niche development and scaling of aqua thermal energy (AE)systems? In answering this research question, we map and analyze the enabling policy and opportunitiesthat support AE system niche development, as well as policy that can also play a role

Trots att miljö- och produktionsmål formellt varit jämställda i skogspolitiken under de senaste decennierna, är förlust av biologisk mångfald ett fortsatt problem. Inom skogspolitiken i Sverige och Finland har strategier för ökat skydd av biologisk mångfald framhållit frivillighet, som certifiering av skogsbruk och frivilliga avsättningar mot kompensation. Det saknas dock kunskap om hur resultatenDespite decades of claimed ambitions to increase environmental consideration in forest policy, biodiversity loss in boreal forests continues. As the pressure on forest biodiversity intensifies, due to land use competition, shifting societal demands, and climate change, it is crucial to address the shortfall of biodiversity policies in reaching their intended outcomes. Voluntary policy instruments

The hallmark of severe haemophilia, defined as a circulating level of factor (F) VIII (haemophilia A cases) or FIX (haemophilia B cases) of < 1%, is recurrent bleeding into muscles and joints (haemarthroses) from an early age of life. The inevitable result of such bleeding is progressive joint damage, leading to disabling arthritis that is typically evident within the first 2 decades of life in pe

The thermal insulation of a clothing ensemble can be measured with a thermal manikin or estimated according to ISO 9920. In ISO 9920 there are insulation tables for a number of clothing ensembles with specified garments and other tables for a variety of single garments. The insulation of single garments can be summated to estimate the insulation for a clothing ensemble. However, when a clothing en

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kostnaden för grund- och gymnasieskolan i Sverige motsvarar idag ca 4,5% av BNP. Med tanke på investeringens storlek är det viktigt att dessa resurser används effektivt. I avhandlingen studeras effektivitet inom den kommunala skolan på tre nivåer: Kommunal nivå, skolnivå och individuell nivå. Effektiviteten skattas i linjärprogrammeringsmodeller, genom så kallad Data EnSweden spends altogether about 4.5% of GDP on primary, secondary and upper secondary school. Considering the magnitude of this investment it is important that these resources are used efficiently. In this thesis efficiency in public education is analysed on three different levels: The municipal level, the school level, and the individual level. Efficiency is estimated using a linear programming te

S-phase fraction (SPF), estimated in the flow cytometric DNA histogram, is a prognostic factor in breast cancer. There are, however, some inherent difficulties in the estimation of SPF, such as the influence of debris, aggregates, and normal cells. Most of the available SPF calculation principles try to consider these difficulties, but so far no consensus has been reached with regard to which prin