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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that CRC should be considered a heterogeneous disease, with multiple differences between proximal and distal tumours. The immune system may, depending on the context, promote or inhibit tumour growth, and different immune cell subsets have been found to be associated with impaired or improved prognosis

This work has focused on studying the in-cylinder pressure fluctuations caused by rapid HCCI combustion and determine what they consist of. Inhomogeneous autoignition sets up pressure waves traversing the combustion chamber. These pressure waves induce high gas velocities which causes increased heat transfer to the walls or in worst case engine damage. In order to study the pressure fluctuations a

Mikrober finns överallt, runt omkring oss i vår miljö och inuti våra kroppar. De som lever tillsammans med djur har mycket stor påverkan på värdens hälsa och evolutionära fitness. Från ett djurs perspektiv är vissa mikrober goda, andra onda, och vissa har ingen större påverkan på hälsan, men egentligen beror dessa egenskaper på sammanhanget, eftersom det är vanligt att mikrober byter strategi tillThe microbes living inside hosts have highly important consequences for host health and fitness. From the host’s perspective, some microbes exhibit mutualistic tendencies, others parasitic, and some commensal, but this is context-dependent and opportunistic lifestyles are widespread in nature. Our knowledge of how hosts interact molecularly with different microbes is, however, poor, and little res

Importance: Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is presently approved for treatment of advanced breast cancer and after incomplete response to neoadjuvant therapy, but the potential of T-DM1 as monotherapy is so far unknown. Objective: To assess pathologic complete response (pCR) to standard neoadjuvant therapy of combination docetaxel, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab (DTP) vs T-DM1 monotherapy in patients

Cities are expected to contribute to climate mitigation by providing effective climate policy actions in a multilevel governance context. Yet, it is unclear what we actually know about the strengths and weaknesses of urban climate policy measures and how municipal policy learning could be enhanced. In this article we present a comprehensive review on cities’ experience in climate mitigation policy

The aim of this study is to assess and analyze the image of revolutionary China in the eyes of Swedish leftwing travelers and activists during the heyday of Maoism, and how these traveler’s and activist’s reports and texts were used to promote friendship activism with China. Of particular interest is how the euphoric view of China in the west, during the Cultural revolution, was promoted and also

Popular Abstract in Swedish Global uppvärmning, säkerhetspolitik och framtida minskad tillgång på fossila bränslen har de senaste åren skyndat på sökandet efter nya, förnyelse-bara drivmedel. Användningen av bioetanol har ökat avsevärt och är idag ett av de vanligaste biobränslena i världen. Idag framställs bioetanol vanligen genom jäsning av socker från socker-rör eller från stärkelse (från tillFuel ethanol from lignocellulose is one sustainable alternative to the fossil fuels of today. All sugars in the material must be utilized in order to achieve high overall ethanol yields. Baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been engineered to ferment the pentose sugar xylose from lignocellulose to ethanol. However, ethanol production from xylose is slow and often incomplete. In this work s

Inkjet printing (IJP) has evolved over the past 30 years into a reliable, versatile, and cost-effective industrial production technology in many areas from graphics to printed electronic applications. Intensive research efforts have led to the successful development of functional electronic inks to realize printed circuit boards, sensors, lighting, actuators, energy storage, and power generation d

The impacts of climate change on rural cultures and livelihoods depend on how the resulting complex biophysical processes may transform people’s land use practices. We argue that research can incorporate local concerns of compound hazards through deterministic rather than probabilistic approaches to better understand the multiple causations involved in such climate change impacts. We apply mixed

Context. X-ray extragalactic surveys are ideal laboratories for the study of the evolution and clustering of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Usually, a combination of deep and wide surveys is necessary to create a complete picture of the population. Deep X-ray surveys provide the faint population at high redshift, while wide surveys provide the rare bright sources. Nevertheless, very wide area surve

Styrning av partiklar med ljud och intelligenta algoritmer Det här examensarbetet handlar om att styra små partiklar i vätska utan att röra vid dem, med hjälp av ljud. Genom en teknik som kallas multimodal akustofores kombineras flera olika ljudvågor för att noggrant kunna påverka partiklarnas rörelser. Metoden är särskilt intressant inom biomedicin, till exempel vid analys av enskilda celler ellThis thesis explores a range of control algorithms for multimodal acoustophoresis, the process of manipulating particles in a fluid by simultaneously using several acoustic modes. The aim of the algorithms is to precisely guide particle trajectories in acoustofluidic systems, motivated by the demand for non-invasive, scalable manipulation techniques in biomedical applications such as single-cell a

This thesis investigates whether firms that hedge, specifically against interest rate, currency, or commodity risks, experience a lower cost of capital compared to non-hedging firms. It further explores the firm-specific conditions under which hedging is most effective in reducing financing costs. We develop a custom Python-based model that integrates regular expressions, Natural Language Processi

Denna kandidatuppsats utforskar hur vardagliga användare, specifikt icke-experter inom högre utbildning, interagerar med AI-baserade chattbottar genom naturliga språkprompter. Tidigare forskning har främst fokuserat på att förbättra modellernas prestanda och förstå promptmekanismer, men har i liten utsträckning uppmärksammat hur användare utan teknisk expertis upplever och formar dessa interaktionThis bachelor’s thesis explores how everyday users, specifically non-experts in higher education, interact with AI-based chatbots through natural language prompts. While prior research has focused on improving model performance and understanding prompt mechanics, little attention has been given to how users without technical expertise experience and shape these interactions. The study aimed to exp

Klimatförändringarna förväntas påverka alla världens regioner negativt med bland annat intensifiering av lokala översvämningar och värmeböljor. För att förebygga dessa effekter är det avgörande att utveckla anpassningsbara och tåliga städer. Naturbaserade lösningar (NBS) har pekats ut som ett av de viktigaste verktygen i klimatanpassningsarbetet. Trots en ökad kunskap om NBS många fördelar kvarståThe ongoing climate changes pose a serious threat to both societies and ecosystems globally. Intensification of extreme weather, floods in combination with heat waves and droughts are some of the challenges that require adaptable and sustainable solutions. Nature-based solutions (NBS) have been identified as a powerful tool for creating resilient and sustainable cities by integrating natural proce

This thesis examines the ongoing violent situation with the criminal networks in Sweden, what the obligations under article 19 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child entail and to what extent the measures taken by the Swedish government live up to these obligations. Many children today are in various ways being affected by the gang-related violence, especially those who live in the vulner

Introduction: Many countries in the world are still facing high maternal mortality rates and women still die due to preventable pregnancy- and birth-related causes. This could be prevented with an improvement in the quality of care and yet many countries, especially in the rural areas, have challenges in doing so. In order to understand why is care given in certain way, more qualitative studies ne

Att placeras på HVB är en av de mest ingripande insatserna inom socialt arbete. För ungdomar innebär den ofta att tillvaron blir präglad av förändring och en känsla av att framtiden är osäker. Licentiatuppsatsen fördjupar kunskapen kring existentiella utmaningar som kan uppstå i denna process. Studien har en teoretisk utgångspunkt i existentiell filosofi och fokuserar på hur grundläggande livsvillWhen young people are placed in residential care (HVB) it is one of the mostfar-reaching interventions in social work, often involving significantdisruptions to their everyday lives, future outlook, and sense of self. Whilesuch placements frequently raise questions about meaning and freedom thesechallenges remain largely unexplored from an existential perspective in bothresearch and practice. This