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The development of biological reactors for the treatment of toxic and recalcitrant organic pollutants is a complex task. Firstly, microbial inoculation, acclimation and selection must be optimized to provide the best microflora possible. Secondly, innovative technologies must be developed to overcome the intrinsic low degradation rates of hardly-degradable pollutants in order to allow short treatm
A new Reynolds stress transport model (RSTM) aimed for engineering applications is proposed with consideration of near-wall turbulence. This model employs the SSG pressure strain term, the ω equation, and the SST model for the shear stresses at the near-wall region (say y+ less than or equal 30). The models are selected based on the following merits: The SSG RSTM model performs well in
Growth conditions on acid soils may be hampered by low nutrient availability and phytotoxic Al (aluminium) concentrations. In this thesis I present my studies on adaptation mechanisms of wild plants to acid soils in the close root environment, the rhizosphere. The studies showed that plants have developed several mechanisms that may work simultaneously to face the complex soil chemistry. A first g
Drug-induced dyskinesias (DID) manifested as hyperkinetic and/or dystonic movements or postures are common problems in Parkinson's disease (PD). Novel therapeutic interventions may offer possibilities to counteract these common adverse effects of an otherwise necessary treatment. To be able to evaluate the effects of such interventions on DID, reliable and relevant clinical assessment tools are ne
A humus soil with a pH(H2O) of 4.9 was limed to a pH of 7.5 and was incubated together with samples from unlimed and field limed (pH 6.1) soils at 5, 20 and 30degreesC for up to 80 days. The changes in the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) pattern were most rapid for the bacterial community of the soil incubated at 30degreesC, while no changes were found in the soil incubated at 5degreesC. The respon
A laser diagnostic concept for measurement of potassium chloride (KCl) and potentially other alkali compounds in large-scale boilers and furnaces of limited optical access is presented. Single-ended, range-resolved, quantitative detection of KCl is achieved by differential absorption light detection and ranging (DIAL) based on picosecond laser pulses. Picosecond DIAL results have been compared exp
Research study was conducted from January to May, 2002 in residential areas along the Palosi Drain, Peshawar. Main objective of the study was to evaluate water quality of shallow and deep wells in the vicinity of Palosi Drain. For this purpose, 20 water samples were taken 13 from shallow wells, 3 from deep wells and 4 from wastewater in the Palosi Drain. Water samples were analyzed for heavy metal
We report a sampling strategy based on Mendelian Breeding Units (MBUs), representing an interbreeding group of individuals sharing a common gene pool. The identification of MBUs is crucial for case-control experimental design in association studies. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible existence of bias in terms of genetic variability and haplogroup frequencies in the MBU sample, due
Cellulase and beta-glucosidase production on steam pretreated spruce (SPS) with Trichoderma reesei Rut C30, Trichoderma atroviride TUB F-1505 and TUB F-1663 was investigated. The enzymes were compared in term of activity, temperature optima and hydrolytic capacity. The T. atroviride cellulases proved to have lower temperature optima for filter paper activity (FPA) assay (50 degrees C) and for hydr
The general aim of the thesis was to contribute to a more evidenced based framework in the surgical treatment of diseases in the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), by comparing outcome, measured by complication and survival rates, and evaluate different reconstructions regarding long-term symptoms and quality of life (QoL). The GEJ is a poorly defined anatomic area that represents the lower part of
Popular Abstract in Swedish ”Luffarturismen” har blivit en populär form av resande. Många svenskar för under en tid - ibland flera månader eller år - en vagabonderande tillvaro på platser långt hemifrån. Resan blir en parentes i vardagen - en extraordinär sfär fylld av förväntningar på äventyret och den äkta upplevelsen. Vad har resenären för bild av det ”Långtbortistan” hon lockas av, och hur skThis dissertation, The Attraction of the Extraordinary - Images and Experiences Among Backpacker Tourists, is a study based on informal interviews with predominantly Swedish independent travellers, as well as observations and documentary analysis of the backpacker subculture. Backpacking is a type of tourism which has been gradually institutionalized. Through the institutionalization of the backpa
The object of this essay was about youth's experiences of their possibility of consumption. We also wanted to analyze if their possibility of consumption had a connection with their experience of happiness. Another part of the object was to see if there where any differences between girls and boys concerning the questions above. One of the issues we had was if the youth's money was enough
Economic sanctions are defined as the exercise of pressure by one state to produce a change in the political behaviour of another state. Traditional economic sanctions are directed at the entire population of a state whilst targeted sanctions are directed at a state’s individuals. This thesis discusses the application of economic sanctions against Iran by the UN, the EU and the United States. Econ
Value-at-Risk (VaR) har kommit att bli ett viktigt riskmått de senaste 20 åren och används av finansiella institut världen över. Det huvudsakliga problemet med detta mått är att välja den mest lämpliga sannolikhetsfördelningen för att prognostisera risken. Detta betyder att man måste göra antaganden om den underliggande tillgångens probabilistiska beteende och utifrån dessa antaganden evaluera VaRValue-at-Risk (VaR) has grown to become an important risk measurement used by financial institutions in the last 20 years. The primary problem with this measure is to choose the most appropriate probability density function to forecast the risk. This means assumptions have to be made about the underlying asset’s probabilistic behavior and from these assumptions evaluate the Value-at-Risk measure.
From a continental point of view the Swedish regulation concerning the freedom of the press may appear rather peculiar, since a considerable number of the detailed rules is found at the highest level of the national hierarchy of legal rules - i.e. Grundlagen. In foreign legal systems the freedom of the press is normally stipulated in a very concise way in the constitutional act while the rules reg
Personal growth as a process remains vaguely understood. We introduce the Personal Growth Process (PGP) model based on Carl Rogers’s organismic valuing process (OVP). The PGP model explains personal growth as a sociocognitive embodied process whereby an individual undergoes multiple mental shifts that make up an ongoing, fluctuating process over the long term, starting from a place of psychologica
Background: Many pathological processes can disrupt the integrity of the glomerular capillary wall and cause a massive leakage of protein, resulting in nephrotic syndrome (NS). Clinical parameters such as age, sex, renal function, presence of diabetes, and how NS is defined influence the spectrum of underlying diseases. In this study, we examine how these parameters interact.Methods: Age, sex, hem
Imaging large areas of a sample non-destructively and with high resolution is of great interest for both science and industry. For scanning coherent X-ray diffraction microscopy, i. e., ptychography, the achievable scan area at a given spatial resolution is limited by the coherent photon flux of modern X-ray sources. Multibeam X-ray ptychography can improve the scanning speed by scanning the sampl
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several pathologic processes might contribute to the degeneration of the cholinergic system in aging. We aimed to determine the contribution of amyloid, tau, and cerebrovascular biomarkers toward the degeneration of cholinergic white matter (WM) projections in cognitively unimpaired individuals. METHODS: The contribution of amyloid and tau pathology was assessed through
