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Purpose: Brain tumours constitute 25% of childhood neoplasms, and half of them are in the posterior fossa. Surgery is a fundamental component of therapy, because gross total resection is associated with a higher progression-free survival. Patients with residual tumour, progression of residual tumour or disease recurrence commonly require secondary surgery. We prospectively investigated the risk of
Objectives To assess whether recommendations of individually oriented lifestyle interventions (IOLIs) in guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) were underpinned by evidence of benefit, and whether harms and opportunity costs were considered.Design Cross sectional survey.Setting UK.Data sources NICE guidelines and supporting evidence.Eligibility criteria All NI
Context. Lithium (Li) is a fragile element that is produced in a variety of sites but can also be very easily depleted in stellar photospheres. Radial migration has been reported to explain the decrease in the upper envelope of Li measurements observed for relatively old metal-rich dwarf stars in some surveys. Aims. We test a scenario in which radial migration could affect the Li abundance pattern
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the connection between creativity and innovation in the context of public healthcare. This is achieved by applying the theoretical concept of employee-driven innovation (EDI) to explore employees’ perceptions of their creative engagement in innovation processes, as well as to capture the managerial implications of setting up such processes in the
AIM: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of medical and surgical interventions in hospitalized patients and associates with high mortality. Our aim was to examine renal recovery and long-term survival and time trends in AKI survival.METHODS: Changes in serum creatinine (SCr) were used to define AKI in patients at Landspitali University Hospital in Iceland from 1993 to 2013. Renal re
Background Task-sharing of spinal anaesthesia care by non-specialist graduate physicians, termed medical officers (MOs), is commonly practised in rural Indian healthcare facilities to mitigate workforce constraints. We sought to assess whether spinal anaesthesia failure rates of MOs were non-inferior to those of consultant anaesthesiologists (CA) following a standardised educational curriculum. Me
Importance: Large-scale estimates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are warranted for adequate prevention and treatment. However, systematic approaches to ascertain rates of BPD are lacking. Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of BPD in very low birth weight (≤ 1,500 g) or very low gestational age (< 32 weeks) neonates. Data sources: A search of M
Purpose: To examine heat exposure at work and home and the work–recovery cycle and temporal variation of kidney strain, muscle injury and inflammation biomarkers in sugarcane workers. Methods: 20 male sugarcane workers (age: 33 ± 7 years) with a workplace Rest.Shade.Hydration (RSH) intervention were observed over 4 days, at the end (18 h post-shift recovery) and beginning of a work week (42 h post
AimsOrthostatic hypotension (OH) is an important differential diagnosis in unexplained syncope. Neurogenic OH (nOH) has been postulated to differ from non-neurogenic OH (non-nOH), yet pathophysiological differences are largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate aetiology and tilt table test (TTT)-induced haemodynamic responses in symptomatic OH patients.Methods and resultsWe performed a retrospec
This article uses a new database of 1,891 probate inventories from rural southern Sweden to investigate the development of rural households’ productive capacity from the late 1600s to the 1860s. Both labourers and farmers improved their material living standards – as measured by the contents of probate inventories – but the labouring households’ ownership of means of production decreased over timeThis article uses a new database of 1,891 probate inventories from rural southern Sweden to investigate the development of rural households’ productive capacity from the late 1600s to the 1860s. Both labourers and farmers improved their material living standards – as measured by the contents of probate inventories – but the labouring households’ ownership of means of production decreased over time
BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing general anesthesia are more frequently monitored for depth of anesthesia using processed electroencephalography. Opioid-free anesthesia is nowadays an accepted modality for general anesthesia, however it is unclear how to interpret data from processed electroencephalography when using a mixture of non-opioid anesthetic drugs. Our objective was to describe density sp
Objective: To evaluate if postnatal treatment with betamethasone in extremely preterm infants was associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 6.5 years of age. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (gestational age <27 weeks, born 2004-2007). Patients: 428 children born extremely preterm were assessed at 6.5 years of age, 115 treated with b
Background: The primary aim was to assess psychological distress in patients with longstanding hip and groin pain (LHGP) and compare them with healthy controls. The secondary aim was to explore the association between psychological distress and symptom duration, self-reported pain and symptoms in patients with LHGP. Methods: Seventy-two patients with LHGP and sixty-three controls were included. Th
Objective To compare work loss after starting tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), rituximab, abatacept or tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods We used data from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register to identify patients aged 19-62 years who were treated with TNFi (n=15 093), rituximab (n=2123), abatacept (n=1877) or tocilizumab (n=1720) between 2007 and 2020. D
Land use/vegetation cover change, reflecting a range of human land use practices, is the most prevalent and immediate influence on alterations in soil quality. The physical structure of soil is crucial for safeguarding soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), as it modulates the physical protection mechanisms and the distribution of these elements within the soil. Nevertheless, the impact of soil physica
PurposeAntimicrobial resistance increases with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Studies evaluating antibiotic stewardship are in high demand. Is piperacillin/tazobactam non-inferior to carbapenems regarding 30-day mortality among patients with bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales?MethodsThis retrospective, multicenter, non-inferiority,
BACKGROUND: Previous post hoc analyses of clinical trials have suggested that a higher percentage of systolic blood pressure time in target range (SBP-TTR) was associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is limited evidence from large prospective cohort studies on the relationship between long-term SBP-TTR and the risk of CVD.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this stu
INTRODUCTION: Low birth weight is an important measure of the health of pregnant women and newborns. We investigated the prevalence of low birth weights in India over nearly three decades to assess trends and convergence across states.METHODS: Data came from five waves of the National Family Health Survey (1992-93 to 2019-21). The prevalence of low birth weight was estimated. To explore the sensit
Background In congenital aortic stenosis (CAS), commissurotomy is an option in patients not suitable to receive a valve prosthesis. However, there is often a need for future additional interventions on the aortic valve. The fate of the aortic valve is, however, essentially unknown. This study reports the need for reinterventions after surgical commissurotomy, based on a national register. Material
Background: There are currently no molecular tests to identify individual breast cancers where radiotherapy (RT) offers no benefit. Profile for the Omission of Local Adjuvant Radiotherapy (POLAR) is a 16-gene molecular signature developed to identify low-risk cancers where RT will not further reduce recurrence rates. Methods: An individual participant data meta-analysis was performed in 623 patien
