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In an attempt to bring about the end to a conflict situation at all costs, peace agreements often end up containing terms that may be deemed controversial. One such example would be terms that confer immunity on perpetrators of international crimes. Concurrently, there exist in international law legal norms that require, or allow, States to pursue a criminal prosecution regarding perpetrators of s

Inom gemenskapsrätten idag, kännetecknas genomsnittskonsumenten såsom rimligen intelligent och rationell i sitt beslutsfattande. Dessa antaganden formar grunden för ett normativt angreppssätt, vilket gör att domstolar inte behöver använda sig av extern empirisk fakta, för att avgöra huruvida konsumenten uppfattar två varumärken såsom så snarlika, att risk för förväxling föreligger. Genom att tilläExisting trademark law in both the European Union and the United States, allow courts to enlist the help of a representative consumer, in order determine whether two trademarks are confusingly similar. This ubiquitous figure, which is said to represent the collective minds of the public, is central to the likelihood of confusion analysis, used to appraise the overall likelihood of confusion betwee

Disability: What Do We Know? - The Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law Skip to content Search for: Search Button Home About Us Who We Are Our History About Raoul Wallenberg Our Theory of Change Staff Opportunities Annual Reports Whistleblower Our work What we do Multi-Disciplinary Research Higher Education Strategic Advice and Analysis Outreach Evaluation of Programme W

https://rwi.lu.se/blog/disability-what-do-we-know/ - 2026-05-11

This paper deals with the distinction between law and fact. In the article ‘The myth of the law-fact distinction’ (Allen and Pardo, 2003a), Ronald Allen and Michael Pardo argue that there is no ontological, epistemological or analytical distinction between law and fact. Instead, they claim that the distinction ought to be understood pragmatically, by considering whether the judge or jury is in the

This essay examines the common empirical connection between trust in people in general (social trust) and trust in the courts and the police (so-called legal trust). In much of the world there is a strong correlation between social trust and legal trust, which is sometimes interpreted as a causal connection from legal trust to social trust. But in many African countries, the correlation breaks dow

Improvement of energy efficiency is seen to have an unexplored potential in relation to industrial energy users. Swedish manufacturing industries and their perception of electrical energy usage at production facilities are at the centre of this thesis. Reasons and approaches towards the monitoring of electrical energy at the operational level are discussed from a number of angles. The research eff

Improving energy efficiency in buildings is an important part of the EU’s ambitions to address climate change and other environmental, social and economic challenges. This is a role that is traditionally taken on by varying levels of governments, each level addressing elements that fall within their areas of jurisdiction. In today’s increasingly decentralised and yet simultaneously complex, integr

The pre-dispute phase, during which justiciable problems may or may not emerge and transform into legal cases, is complex. Based on a meta-ethnography of 572 articles, all of which apply or refer to Felstiner et al.’s pioneering linear framework of naming, blaming, and claiming, we analysed the many sorting mechanisms that are at play in the pre-dispute phase. We identified the institutional, poli

Legal certainty is central to taxation decisions. This article describes the current legal situation and discussions in four Nordic countries. Sweden and Finland are specialized in dealing with taxation cases in administrative courts. In Denmark and Norway, no specialization exists in taxation cases. I maintain in this article that legal certainty would benefit from explicit signals from the state

Bringing together scholars of migration and constitutional law, this volume analyses the problematic relationship between the rise of populism, restrictions of migrants' rights and democratic decay in Europe. By offering both constructive and critical accounts, it creates a nuanced debate on the possibilities for and limitations of legal resilience against populist erosion of migrants' rights. Cru

Swedish measures to fight the spread of COVID-19 differ from the strategies used in other comparable countries. In contrast to the lockdown approach that has been applied in many European countries, the Swedish strategy has been based to a substantial extent on individuals taking responsibility under non-binding recommendations. This contribution explores the Swedish strategy from a constitutional

Abstract in UndeterminedTolerance has the potential to affect both economic growth and wellbeing. It is therefore important to discern its determinants. We contribute to the literature by investigating whether the degree to which economic institutions and policies are market-oriented is related to different measures of tolerance. Cross-sectional and first-difference regression analysis of up to 69

If as Hersch Lauterpact stated in the most overly quoted Humanitarian Lawyers phrase in Oppenheim's International Law, International Humanitarian Law lies at the vanishing point of International Law, then I would posit that it is only the continuance of education particularly education in LOAC that prevents it from vanishing altogether. The preservation of the buildings housing that education

Psykiskt störda lagöverträdare har ofta inte samma förutsättningar som andra att följa lagen då de kan ha en annan föreställning av, eller en annan förmåga att resonera kring, verkligheten. Det är vår föreställning av verkligheten som ger oss skäl att göra eller att inte göra vissa saker, och vår uppfattning om vilka följder vårt handlande kommer att få, får betydelse för om vi företar handlingen Mentally disordered offenders often do not have the same preconditions as others to follow the law as they may have a different perception of, or a different ability to reason about, reality. It is our perception of reality that gives us reason to do or not do certain things, and our perception of the consequences our actions will have has an impact on whether we undertake them or not. If you have

This study examines the impact of Sweden’s unique two-part Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA) policy on alcohol consumption and health using regression discontinuity design. In Sweden on-licence purchasing of alcohol is legalised at 18 and off-licence purchasing is legalised later at 20 years of age. We find an immediate and significant 6% jump in participation and a larger increase in number of da

The Central Asian region, with its young and industrious population, abundant natural resources, and rich history, has all the potential for success. In this context, countries in the region are implementing policies to attract foreign investment for the development of their economies. This report serves as a guide to the socio-economic and political-legal aspects of two major countries in the reg

OBJECTIVE-Myocellular ATP synthesis (fATP) associates with insulin sensitivity in first-degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Short-term endurance training can modify their fATP and insulin sensitivity. This study examines the effects of moderate long-term exercise using endurance or resistance training in this cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A randomized, parallel-group trial tes

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bangladesh är ett av världens folkrikaste muslimska länder. Sedan självständigheten har invånarna – trots politisk oro, massiva naturkatastrofer och utbredd administrativ korruption – upplevt en positiv utveckling, särskilt vad gäller kvinnors utbildning, hälsovård och familjeplanering. Denna avhandling diskuterar kvinnors levnadsförhållanden på landsbygden med fokus påBangladesh is one of the largest Muslim countries in the world. In spite of political turmoil, frequent natural disasters and widespread corruption it has, in less than four decades after its birth as an independent state, gained visible success in human development - especially the education of women and girls, family planning and health, and microcredit to the poor. As a Muslim country it has s