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Den 29 juni 2020 antog kommissionen två beslut om att inte invända mot en förlängning för perioden 2021–2030 av stödordningar för skattebefrielse av biogas som används som motor- eller uppvärmningsbränsle. De två stödordningarna godkändes för första gången av kommissionen 2003 respektive 2007. De förlängdes sedan upprepade gånger och godkändes av kommissionen som förenligt stöd till och med den 31On 29 June 2020, the Commission adopted two decisions not to raise objections to the prolongation for the period 2021-2030 of state aid schemes for the tax exemption of biogas used as motor or heating fuel. The two schemes were first approved by the Commission in 2003 and 2007 respectively. They were then repeatedly extended and approved by the Commission as compatible aid until 31 December 2020.

This paper contributes to the debate as to whether or not Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) holds in the long run. This is done by looking at fractionally integrated processes (FIP) and using wavelets in order to obtain an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimate of the long run memory parameter. Firstly, drawing on the theoretical framework behind PPP, this paper outlines the statistical background and

Long-chain polyunsaturated (LCP) fatty acids derived from linoleic (18:2 n-6) and alpha-linolenic (18:3 n-3) acids are considered essential nutrients in preterm infants. The efficiency by which such fatty acids are released as absorbable products from triacylglycerol was explored in vitro using rat chylomicron triacylglycerol as substrate. When incubated with purified human pancreatic colipase-depLong-chain polyunsaturated (LCP) fatty acids derived from linoleic (18:2 n-6) and alpha-linolenic (18:3 n-3) acids are considered essential nutrients in preterm infants. The efficiency by which such fatty acids are released as absorbable products from triacylglycerol was explored in vitro using rat chylomicron triacylglycerol as substrate. When incubated with purified human pancreatic colipase-dep

När domstolar beslutar om vilket straff en gärningsman ska få för ett visst brott måste de först bedöma brottets straffvärde. En grundläggande ideologi i det svenska straffsystemet är att straffet ska stå i proportion till brottets svårighetsgrad. Vid beaktandet av straffvärdet ska rättstillämparna enligt 29 kap. 1 § BrB bland annat ta hänsyn till den skada, kränkning eller fara som gärningen inneWhen a court decides on what punishment an offender should acquire for a certain crime they must first assess the penal value of the crime. In Swedish penal law a basic ideology is that the punishment should be proportionate to the penal value of the crime. While assessing the penal value the court must consider the damage, wrong or danger occasioned by the criminal act. Through case law regarding

Free radicals have been suggested to play a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the metabolic perturbations caused by high-fat feeding of two strains of mice, the C57BL6/J mice and the NMRI mice, interfere with one of the free radical enzyme defense systems in the retina, i. e., glutathione (GSH), and whether morphological changes oc

The questions about why and how senescence occurs in the wild are among the most pertinent ones in evolutionary ecology. Telomere length is a commonly used marker for aging, while other biomarkers of aging have received considerably less attention. Here we studied how another potent indicator of aging-skin pentosidine concentration-relates to age and blood telomere length in a long-lived seabird w

The effects of operational and environmental variability have been posed as one of the biggest challenges to transit structural health monitoring (SHM) from research to practice. To deal with that, machine learning algorithms have been proposed to learn from experience based on a reference data set. These machine learning algorithms work well based on the premise that the basis of the reference da

BACKGROUND: Trigger finger surgery typically has a successful outcome, also in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the impact of glycemic control on long-term outcomes after open trigger finger release (OTFR) remains unclear. This study examines whether high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels affect patient-reported outcome (PRO) following OTFR in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T

Aims: To investigate whether a high level of commonly experienced physical and mental symptoms could predict long spells of sickness absence in Swedish women and, further, to investigate the causal pattern of socioeconomic and psychosocial factors in relation to long spells of sickness absence. Methods: A questionnaire containing items on socioeconomic and psychosocial variables was sent to a rand

Background: Physical activity is associated with reduced risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). The explanations for this association are not completely elucidated. We use long-term PD-incidence data from long-distance skiers to study the relationship between exercise and PD. Objective: We aimed to investigate if physical activity is associated with long-term lower risk of PD and if this association co

Information about when and where animals die is important to understand population regulation. In migratory animals, mortality might occur not only during the stationary periods (e.g. breeding and wintering) but also during the migration seasons. However, the relative importance of population limiting factors during different periods of the year remains poorly understood, and previous studies main

This article studies the effect of alcohol consumption on the probability of long-term sickness-related absenteeism for women. Using Swedish matched survey and register data, we apply sample selection models to correct for nonrandom sampling into paid employment. There are three main findings of the study. First, diverging from the most prevalent consumption group (long-term light drinkers) is ass

Single-stranded overhangs of the G-rich strand belong to the conserved features of telomeres composed of short telomeric repeats. These structures are thought to be essential for the maintenance of proper telomeric structure and function and the mechanism of their generation is telomerase-independent. We have examined the presence of single-stranded overhangs in Chironomus tentans, a dipteran inse

Background Digital nerve injuries in children are not common, but they are considered to have an excellent prognosis, compared to adults, after nerve injury and repair. In studies including both children and adults age have been found to have an effect on outcome after nerve repair. Methods We investigated in a retrospective follow up study the long-time result after digital nerve injury and repai

Timing of return to the breeding area presumably optimizes breeding output in migrants. How timing affects the other components of fitness — survival, has been comparatively little studied. Returning too early in spring is expected to be associated with high mortality in insectivorous migrants when weather conditions are still unsuitable. Yet, males in particular arrive early to get access to the

Due to the tendency among managers to focus on operational performance at the cost of strategic long-term objectives, the purpose of this study has been to shed light on how a company can, by focusing on its people and taking a step forward from “customer first” focus to “people first” as a strategy, ensure sustainable performance. There are different theoretical viewpoints of how companies view t

In this thesis, the short- and long-term event study methodology are applied in order to assess whether M&As, in the pharmaceutical industry, create any abnormal return for the acquirer. The majority of the previous research finds a negative abnormal return but the short-term event study seems to generate slightly positive abnormal returns outside the U.S. There is a limited amount of research

Nitrogen (N) deposition can enhance carbon (C) capture and storage in northern coniferous forests but it may also enhance the demand for phosphorus (P). While it is well established that long-term N enrichment can decrease decomposition and enhance the accumulation of C in soils, it remains uncertain if a higher demand and acquisition of P influence soil C. We studied microbial phosphorus mobiliza