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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Increased accumulations of senile plaques and tangles are the known neuropathological hallmarks of AD. However, the exact triggers for such protein accumulations, leading to cognitive impairment and important morphological alteration in AD, are still elusive. Ageing and genetic risk factors do not completely explain the global increase

Background Genetic determinants of stroke, the leading neurological cause of death and disability, are poorly understood and have seldom been explored in the general population. Our aim was to identify additional loci for stroke by doing a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Methods For the discovery sample, we did a genome-wide analysis of common genetic variants associated with inc

The significant environmental impact of the current fossil fuel-based industry is a major concern for society. Consequently, various initiatives are being undertaken to establish a more sustainable industrial model. One example is via the transition from conventional fossil fuel refineries to biorefineries, where renewable raw materials are utilised. Amongst these raw materials, the use of lignoce

Following the impressive development of bulk lead-based perovskite photovoltaics, the “perovskite fever” did not spare nanochemistry. In just a few years, colloidal cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals have conquered researchers worldwide with their easy synthesis and color-pure photoluminescence. These nanomaterials promise cheap solution-processed lasers, scintillators, and light-emitti

Förebyggande av oönskade graviditeter och sexuellt överförbara infektioner (vad jag kallar "contracepting") behandlas ofta som ett medicinskt eller hälsovårds- problem snarare än en social fråga. Till följd av detta, förblir mycket av det vardagliga arbetet som preventivmetoder innefattar osynligt. Unga människor i synnerlighet talas oftare om än med när det kommer till deras användning av preventContraception is a complex phenomenon with differing meanings, expressions, and materialities depending on its historical, social, and cultural context. In this thesis, I depart from the conceptualisation of contraception as the prevention of both pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and I name these practices through the collective term of contracepting. Previous research on you

Since life emerged on Earth, organisms have had to handle threats and stressors of different kinds. In freshwater ecosystems, one of these ancient stressors is the solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Life has been continuously exposed to it, and various behavioural and morphological adaptations have evolved to cope with the stressor. On the other hand, human activities have introduced novel stressor

I denna rapport redovisas populationstrender för 178 svenska fågelarter för åren 1975–2013. Fåglarna har räknats på vintern och på sommaren enligt strikt standardiserade metoder. Sommar- respektive vinterpunktrutter har räknats sedan 1975, i huvudsak i södra Sverige. Standardrutterna räknas också på sommaren (sedan 1996) men täcker hela Sverige. Vintern 2012/2013 räknades 130 000 fåglar av 128 artWe present the results of the Swedish Bird Survey, run by the Department of Biology, Lund University, as a part of the National Monitoring Programme of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The results for 2013 include data from 580 winter point count routes in 2012/2013 (38th winter), of which 295 were carried out during the Christmas/New Year count and 273 summer point count routes (39th

Vattenkraften står för hälften av vårt elbehov i Sverige idag. Merparten av vattenkraftverken är gjutna i betong och som många andra betongkonstruktioner så drabbas betongen av sprickbildning av olika orsaker. För vattenkraften är genomgående sprickor ett problem då dessa skapar läckage. För att förhindra dessa sprickor har en ny metod börjat undersökas där bakterier som kan avsätta kalciumkarbonHalf of the electricity needed in Sweden today is produced by hydro power. Most structure parts in hydro power stations are made of concrete and as many of other concrete structures they contain cracks. Cracking through dams are a big problem for hydro power since they create leakage. To prevent cracking a new method is under investigation. It consists of incorporating calcium carbonate precipita

Aktiebolaget är en mycket framgångsrik företagsform för storskaliga och riskfyllda projekt. En egenskap som anses betydelsefull för denna egenskap är aktiebolagets vinstsyfte. Idag finns aktiebolag som ekonomiskt och i fråga om politiskt inflytane kan mäta sig med stater. Detta innebär att de kan ha stor påveran exempelvis på människors tillgång till mänskliga rättigheter. I denna kontext uppmanasThe limited liability company is a form of business associaton that has advantages that makes it attractive for large and risky business entreprises. One characteristic that is viewed as importand for this quality is that the business purpose is increased shareholder value. Today, limited liability companies exists that rival nation states on scale and political impact. As a consequence they can a

Does the host derived peptide really effect the silent killer? Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading infectious cause of death in the world via the manipulative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite the decrease in deaths over the following years and available drug treatments, the dieses still rank the top of the list and remains a global pandemic. Constant rise of resistant M. tuberculosis

Vattenkraften utgör ungefär 45 % av Sveriges elproduktion och har varit en stabil energikälla med lågt koldioxidutsläpp under lång tid. Med ett allt större inslag av intermittenta energislag i elsystemet, fyller vattenkraften också en viktig funktion med sin reglerförmåga för balansering. Trots sina fördelar som en lagringsbar energikälla är det tydligt att vattenkraften har negativa effekter på SHydropower stands for around 45 % of Sweden’s electricity production and has been a stable energy source with low carbon emissions for a long time. With increasing share of intermittent energy sources in the electricity system, hydropower also plays a crucial role in balancing the grid. Despite its advantages as a storable energy source, it is clear that hydropower has negative effects on Sweden’s

The invaders vs. the protectors: who wins the battle? Pseudomonas aeruginosa or in short PsA is a type of microorganism, also known as “bacteria” or “germ” or “bug”. It is very tiny and invisible to our naked eyes. This germ is found everywhere in places like soil, and water. PsA can get into the human body through wounds and other injuries and make people sick. To prevent humans from getting inf

Länge ansågs en triad av symtom, bestående av blödning under den hårda hjärnhinnan, ögonbottenblödning och hjärnpåverkan, innebära att ett barn hade blivit skakat. Triaden uppfattades även av svenska domstolar som stark bevisning för att ett barn blivit skakat och det finns flera fall där den tilltalade dömts med enbart triaden som bevisning. Anledningen till detta är att de experter som hördes i For a long time, a triad of symptoms, namely subdural hematoma, retinal bleedings and brain impacts, were considered an indication that a child had been shaken (the shaken baby syndrome). The triad was perceived as strong evidence by Swedish courts, demonstrated by several cases where the defendants were convicted based exclusively on the existence of this triad. The reason for this was that exper

Om bilar hade utvecklats så snabbt som processorer skulle de färdas i en hastighet på 760,000 km/h, gå 42 000 km per liter och kosta 25 öre" hävdar Paul Ottelini, Intel VD mellan 2005-2013. Detta påminner oss om vilken rasande fart utvecklingen har inom nanoelektronik branschen där elektroniska kretsar ständigt blivit billigare samt mindre under det senaste halvseklet. Miniatyriseringen har fIf cars had developed as fast as processors they would go at 470,000 mph, get 100,000 miles to the gallon, and cost 3 cents" claims Paul Ottelini, Intel CEO 2005-2013. This serves as a reminder of how fast the field of nanoelectronics is developing due to constant demand for faster and more energy efficient integrated circuits. The still ongoing electronics revolution was accelerated by the i

Investeringar i transportinfrastruktur medför normalt bättre tillgänglighet, bättre läge, eventuellt ökad byggrätt och en ökning av värdet på de fastigheter som är belägna i närheten av den infrastruktur som anläggs. Värdeökningar som uppstår till följd av offentliga investeringar bör genom värdeåterföring ges tillbaka till det offentliga. En värdeåterföringsmetod är medfinansieringsersättning somInvestments in infrastructure normally lead to better accessibility, a better location, increased building rights and an increase in the value of the properties that are located near to the infrastructure. Increases in value that arise as a result of public investments should be returned to the public sector through value capture. A value capture method is co-financing compensation which according

Mäns våld mot kvinnor har på senaste tiden uppmärksammats, men har sedan lång tid tillbaka varit ett stort problem. Tidigare sågs det som en privat angelägenhet inom familjen medan det idag förstås som ett offentligt problem som berör flera i samhället samt flera samhällsområden. Avvikelseförklaringar till våldet har tidigare präglat förståelsen kring mäns våld mot kvinnor och frågan om våld har sMen's violence against women has recently attracted a lot of attention but has been a major problem for a long time. Previously, it was seen as a private matter within the family, while today it is understood as a public problem that affects many and several areas of society. Explanations of deviations in individuals to violence have previously characterized the understanding of men's viol

The largest use of fossil petroleum is the production of fuels. Hence, finding sustainable alter-natives is an important step to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. One such alternative is to produce fuel from biomass, such as waste products from agriculture and the forest indus-try. In Sweden, the forest industry is an important part of the economy. The pulp mills pro-duce an excessive amou

Sweden has a vision of building a sustainable society. To reach this vision a number of goals, such as transportation political goals, regional goals and environmental goals, have been set. One way to reach the aforementioned transportation political goals for a good and safe traffic environment is to increase the use of public transport and thereby reduce the need for people to use their car. Com

Minskning av resultatet i svenska bolag genom koncerninterna upplåningar är ett relativt enkelt skatteplaneringsförfarande som syftar till att reducera de totala skattekostnaderna i en internationell koncern. Förfarandet går generellt till så att ett svenskt bolag tar upp ett lån från ett annat bolag inom koncernen etablerat i ett lågskatteland. Räntan som löper på lånet dras som en kostnad i det Reduction of the result in Swedish companies through intercompany bor-rowings is a relatively simple tax planning procedure aimed to reduce the fiscal costs in an international corporate group. The procedure is generally composed of a Swedish company raising a loan from another company within the group established in a low-tax country. The interest on the loan is deductible in the Swedish company,

I vårt samhälle har produkters utseende och design kommit att bli allt mer viktigt. I takt med denna utveckling har också värdet på design ökat och behovet av skydd för design blivit större. Idag kan industridesign skyddas genom en rad lagar och förordningar på immaterialrättens område. Det skydd som lagstiftaren primärt avsett för formgivning och design är dock det mönsterrättsliga skyddet. I denIn the society we live in today the design of products has become more and more important. This development has resulted in an increased value for good design and the need for protection of design is now even more important than before. Industrial design can nowadays be protected through several types of legislation providing intellectual property rights. The type of protection that the legislator