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Acute SARS-CoV-2 infections are not always diagnosed; hence an unknown proportion of all infections are not documented. SARS-CoV-2 can induce spike and nucleocapsid protein specific IgG antibodies, which can be detected in seroprevalence studies to identify a previous infection. However, with the introduction of vaccines containing the spike protein it is no longer possible to use spike-IgG as a m

Strategier i en lågkonjunktur - Hur bygg- och fastighetssektorn bemöter marknadsförändringar Av: Camilla Lindbäck och Victoria Heisterkamp Pausade byggprojekt, varsel och svagare köpkraft är exempel på faktorer som signalerar en lågkonjunktur i bygg- och fastighetssektorn idag. Vilket strategiarbete krävs för att dämpa verksamhetsförluster? Och vilka konsekvenser får detta på samhällsutvecklingenThe construction and real estate sector have been operating in a prosperous environment for a long time, enabling high production and turnover. However, the economic situation has been strongly impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine in Q4 2022, resulting in a recession that is expected to last for several years. Historically, economic crises have led to decreased ho

Inom modern investeringsrätt existerar sedan länge en konflikt mellan extensiva investeringsskyddsregler och värdländers allmänna intressen, och numera med exklusiv kompetens att sluta de internationella investeringsavtal som tangerar denna motsättning söker EU skydda de senare genom traktatens utformning. Som nödvändigt komplement till sådana konstruktioner menar dock förespråkare för allmänna inAt the heart of modern investment law it has since long resided a conflict between extensive investment protection norms and public policy interests of host states. After receiving exclusive competence to conclude international investment agreements governing this interrelation, the EU has tried to cater for those latter objectives through the design of these agreements. Yet in addition to treaty

When humans are involved, things can go wrong. This is a statement as factually true and yet dramatically undefined and dangerously ambiguous as any. No matter the industry or domain, where humans interact with other humans, perfect predictability is impossible and a focus on negative outcomes can seem natural. When outcomes are anything less than ideal and when these events and outcomes are made

A plant’s rain coat Imagine yourself taking a walk on a cloudy day. Suddenly, the sky opens and the rain is pouring down making you totally soaked. Now imagine that you predicted that it would start to rain so you put on a rain coat. When the rain starts to fall, you won’t get wet since the rain drops will strike against the rain coat and get drained. In the same manner, the wax on plants is prot

Background A brand oriented company is recognized by its regard of strong brands and the ability to build strong brands as strategic resources. For a long time, companies in the private sector have had a monopoly on brand focused activities and research in this area has often been targeted to this specific sector. Another category of organizations has recently discovered the perks of building stro

Problem Description Both academic researches and consulting firms claim that Internet of Things will come to change the society we live in, as well as create entirely new business opportunities for companies. However, there is little research that analyzes the actual benefits with Internet of Things, how companies should act in order to find these benefits, and in what way their business models m

This master’s thesis deals with the distinct semantic weight carried by adverbials in German sentence constructions, where they can take on functions normally performed by verbs in other languages like English. While German mostly offers the same grammatical possibilities as English does to express certain types of semantic content verbally, the two languages differ when it comes to the preference

This master’s thesis focuses on pedagogy and aspects of learning and remembering within guided museum tours for people with dementia. We explore in what way learning and remembering are focused on and triggered during those tours and with the help of which pedagogical means. Furthermore, we discuss what place these tours have within the museum as an institution. In order to examine our questions a

This process and material driven project was from the beginning focused on wast materials. The fact that the world population is rapidly increasing made me think of it as a possible source of material, instead of just an outlet of waste. With an interest in the controversial, I decided to work with human hair. The key structural material in hair is a protein called alpha-keratin. Early hopes of pr

The textile industry represents a major economic sector with millions employed. With over 200 trillion litres of water consumed each year, it is responsible for a tenth of global emissions, dwarfing aviation and maritime shipping, combined. The wastewater generated is predominantly non-biodegradable, constituting a complex matrix of various contaminants that have long-lasting effects on aquatic an

Bakgrund: För att nå samhällets satta klimatmål behöver energiförbrukningen sänkas. Målet genererar ett behov att utforska nya energieffektivare ventilationslösningar. Ett alternativ är att använda markförlagd ventilation som är en mer etablerad teknik i varmare klimat och nyttan med ett sådant system i svenskt klimat behöver därför undersökas. Systemets fördelar och problematik behöver utredas saOur society needs to lower emissions and energy consumption to reach the global climate goals. One way to regulate the energy consumption in buildings is by improving HVAC installations, which makes it relevant to find new ventilation solutions with a low climate footprint. A solution frequently used in hotter climates but relatively new in Sweden is EAHE-systems (Earth-Air Heat exchangers). This

Climate change and anthropogenic influences are significantly altering marine ecosystems in the Baltic Sea, posing substantial challenges for fisheries. The Bornholm Basin, located in the central Baltic Sea, is a crucial fishing area for the region and has been experiencing shifts in fish distribution and abundance due to changing oceanographic conditions. These changes affect not only fish migrat

Reglerna om näringsbetingade andelar medger skattefrihet på utdelning och kapitalvinst. Genom lagstiftning 2003 utvidgades regelverket som tidigare endast hade omfattat utdelning under vissa givna förutsättningar, till att även omfatta kapitalvinster. Syftet med regeländringen var framför allt att undvika kedjebeskattning i bolagssektorn. En andel är näringsbetingad om den ägs av en association soUnder the Swedish participation exemption regime, dividends and capital gains are tax-exempt under the assumption that the shares are held for business reasons. Shares will be considered held for business reasons provided that the holding meets certain requirements while the shares are held in either a corporation or an economic association. The purpose behind the participation exemption regime is

Med hänvisning till den rådande resursbristen och till den ökade efterfrågan av vård i allmänhet och intensivvård i synnerhet är prioriteringsbeslut något som många vårdgivare måste befatta sig med dagligen. Under år 2020 när coronapandemin svepte över oss och belastade sjukvården ytterligare så blev frågeställningarna rörande prioriteringsbeslut ännu mer aktuella än innan. Socialstyrelsen släpptIn regard to the current shortage of resources and the increasing demand for care in general and intensive care in particular, priority decisions are something that many healthcare providers have to deal with on a daily basis. In 2020, as the Corona pandemic swept across us and further burdened the healthcare system, the issues surrounding priority decisions became even more relevant than before.

Samhällsbyggnadsprocessen är en viktig del av samhällsutvecklingen där flera krav ställs för att skapa goda och hållbara möjligheter för alla. Vid byggnation måste man undersöka de befintliga förhållanden så att man inte bygger på en olämplig plats, men även analysera bland annat buller från trafik som har direkt påverkan på människors hälsa. Alla kraven undersöks vid olika skeden i planeringsprocIn Sweden, the urban planning process plays an important part of developing sustainable cities. Therefore, it is regulated by multiple requirements to ensure that nothing is built in areas where people may be negatively affected. The requirements are controlled at different stages in the process and there are recommended methods and guidelines on how to control them. Even if the requirements are c

This thesis is a concept study performed at Caran AB by order of Volvo Car Corporation, VCC. The background is a market research performed by VCC. From the research, a need for a product that facilitates reaching the trunk level in Volvo’s SUV, XC90, was recognized. It was also found, that dogs seem to find it difficult to get up in the trunk, why dogs have been accounted for during the developmen

For the past fifteen years, ever since the Court of Justice’s ruling in its landmark case Bosman, the sporting rules governing player mobility have been a hot topic. The ruling prohibited transfer fees for players out-of-contract thus putting an end to the restrictive transfer system hindering the free movement of football players. The Court also abolished the nationality restriction where clubs w

Popular science summary You are what you eat In this project I used a method called stable isotope analysis. This method is based on the principle ‘you are what you eat.' To begin whith, isotopes are forms of the same element sharing the same number of electrons but differ from each other in its number of neutrons in the nucleus. For example, stable isotope of 13carbon has one extra neutron

Unravelling the Bacterial Cytoskeleton Recent discoveries of several bacterial proteins have led to a general acceptance of the existence of a bacterial cytoskeleton. This cytoskeleton, much like that of eukaryotic cells, is vital for the functionality and wellbeing of Streptomyces, a genus of soil-dwelling bacteria. One such important function is polar growth. This type of growth is directed to