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QuestionHow do pollen-based functional and phylogenetic diversity help to explain post-glacial vegetation change in relation to climate and human influence? LocationEstonia and Latvia, NE Europe. MethodsWe used a data set of 1062 pollen samples from 20 sites covering the last 14500yrs to estimate plant richness, evenness, functional and phylogenetic diversity (community-weighted mean and mean pair

The turbidity variation in time and space is investigated in the downstream stretch of the river Gota Alv in Sweden. The river is heavily regulated and carries the discharge from the largest fresh water lake in Sweden, Lake Vanern, to the outflow point in Goteborg Harbour on the Swedish west coast. The river is an important waterway and serves as a fresh-water supply for 700 000 users. Turbidity i

Two independent studies have revealed a potential limitation of post-mode switch overdrive pacing (PMOP), which is its delayed start. We conducted a prospective, randomized, single blind, crossover design study (the post-long pause overdrive pacing study) to test the efficacy of an improved version of PMOP (PMOPenhanced). A total of 45 patients were enrolled, of whom 41 were analysed. The median n

Background: Research has indicated that interactive, computerized case simulations using immersive virtual reality (VR) technology may be beneficial in the augmentation of conventional methods of assessment and treatment in forensic psychiatry, primarily through providing an engaging and safe environment in which the user can practice and learn skills and behaviors. However, there does not appear

Reconstitution of the tyrosyl radical in ribonucleotide reductase protein R2 requires oxidation of a diferrous site by oxygen. The reaction involves one externally supplied electron in addition to the three electrons provided by oxidation of the Tyr-122 side chain and formation of the μ-oxo- bridged diferric site. Reconstitution of R2 protein Y122F, lacking the internal pathway involving Tyr-122,

Two signals are required for induction of cell proliferation and cytokine production in resting T cells. Occupancy of the T cell receptor by antigen/MHC complexes delivers the first signal to the T cell, while the second signal is provided by interaction with costimulatory ligands on APC. CD2, LFA-1, and CD28 are the major costimulatory and adhesive molecules on T cells and bind to the LFA-3, ICAM

Retail and cities have had a long and intertwined history together. Since the beginning of first cities established, being a hub for commercial exchange has been one of the main elements what makes a city (Söderlind, 2011). Nevertheless, since 1980s, there have been some substantial shifts at the global scale regarding the organization of retail, and in turn, its spatial manifestations in the citi

We report magnetic properties and relative paleointensity (RPI) proxies from a suite of 10 conventional piston cores and Kasten cores from the SW Iberian Margin collected during cruise JC089 of the RSS James Cook in August 2013. Mean sedimentation rates are in the 10–20 cm/kyr range. Age models were acquired by correlation of Ca/Ti and Zr/Sr XRF core-scanning data to L* reflectance from the Cariac

BACKGROUND: The relation between blood pressure and kidney cancer risk is well established but complex and different study designs have reported discrepant findings on the relative importance of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). In this study, we sought to describe the temporal relation between diastolic and SBP with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk in detail.METHODS

Background: The quality of the total mesorectal excision specimen in rectal cancer surgery is assessed with a three-tier grade (mesorectal, intramesorectal and muscularis propria). This study aimed to analyse the prognostic impact of the total mesorectal excision grade on survival, and to identify risk factors for intramesorectal and muscularis propria resection in a population-based setting. Meth

The long-term objective within the wave energy industry is to deliver large-scale wave energy farms connected to large national power grids. However, this objective cannot be reached with today’s wave energy technologies at their current maturity levels. This has created a need within the industry to identify alternative development paths—in this thesis referred to as off-grid market opportunities

In Matt 5:17 Jesus is declaring the purpose of his mission to this world, announcing that he is the fulfilment of the Law and the Prophets. How should these words be understood? In what way is Jesus the fulfilment of the Law and the Prophets? Taking its starting-point in the works of John P. Meier (Law and History in Matthew´s Gospel – A Redactional Study of Mt. 5:17-48) and Roland Deines (Die Ger

Optimising plant growth in a controlled climate requires good measurements of both biomass (measured in grams) and relative growth rate (measured in grams of growth per day and gram of plant). In order to do this efficiently and continuously on an individual level during plant development, this has to be done non-destructively and without frequent and labor intensive weighing of plant biomass. Thi

This thesis highlights the need for quality assurance of the Swedish preschools by regulating structural factors. Attending preschool has proven to have positive effects on both children and society, provided that the preschool maintains a high quality. In comparison, if the quality is poor this might result in negative or harmful effects. Various movements have indicated that the Swedish preschoo

Arbetsdomstolen har i flera fall, i förhållande till kollektivavtalade avvikelser från semidispositiv rätt, tillämpat en princip om att sådana kollektivavtal är ogiltiga om de innebär en otillbörlig urholkning av arbetstagarnas lagstadgade rättigheter eftersom det strider mot lagens grunder. Med anledning av rättsfal-let AD 2023 nr 33, där den kollektivavtalade anställningsformen SLUV (viss-tid ”sThe Swedish Labour Court (Arbetsdomstolen) has, in several cases concern-ing deviations from semi-dispositive law as stipulated in collective agree-ments, applied a principle that such collective agreements are invalid if they result in an undue erosion of employees' statutory rights because it contra-venes the fundamental principles of the law. In light of the case AD 2023 no. 33, where the c

This thesis examines the synergies of post-growth policies that aim to decrease environmental pressure at the legislative level of the European Union. Motivated by the urgent need to mitigate global warming and the limitations of the green growth paradigm, this thesis focuses on three specific post-growth policies: restriction of large resource extractions, reduction of caps on pollution, and proh

Fåmansföretagsreglerna i 57 kap. inkomstskattelagen (1999:1229) innehåller särregler för hur ersättning till aktiva ägare i fåmansföretag ska delas upp mellan avkastning på investerat kapital och ersättning för utfört arbete. Reg-lernas primära syfte är att förhindra inkomstomvandling för att på så sätt uppnå en neutral beskattning av skattskyldiga. Utdelning och kapitalvinst upp till ett visst beThe close company rules in Chapter 57 of the Swedish Income Tax Act (1999:1229) contain special provisions on how monetary compensation to active owners in close companies is to be divided between return on invest-ed capital and remuneration for performed work. The primary purpose of these rules is to prevent income conversion, and thereby achieving neutral taxation of taxpayers. Dividends and cap

Cities face a host of challenges including urbanisation and climate change and must quickly adapt and integrate sustainability solutions to deal with these challenges. One platform seen as a mechanism to support innovation for sustainability in cities is the concept of the living lab. A living lab is a user-centred, open innovation ecosystem that seeks to engage academia, industry and municipaliti

Degrowth refers to an alternative human society which is simplistic, cooperative and opposite of current growth system which is based on overproduction and overconsumption. The current growth trend is indisputably unsustainable for the future being of the earth and its’ population. Resource depletion, land degradation and climate change have become inevitable due to growth system, overproduction a