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The purpose of this study was to examine whether the success of theconcept of empowerment in the field of social science can be explained by referring to it as the new paradigm replacing the former paternalistic era. Therefore, I investigate if the character of its history, domicile and practice has the same distinguishing features as the scientific progress. The analysis is based on Thomas Kuhn&#
In June 2005 the Commission imposed a &euro&semic60 million fine on AstraZeneca for abusing its dominant position. This was followed in December 2005 by the Discussion Paper on the application of Article 82 EC, issued by the Directorate-General for Competition of the European Commission. This thesis discusses the interpretation of Article 82 EC and does this from the perspective of pharmac
The increasing spread of global pandemics such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria, in particular in developing countries, has forced the engagement of industrialized countries and pharmaceutical companies. Because medicines to cure these diseases are often under patent protection, they are not affordable for people in developing countries where health crises prevail. In November 2001, WTO
Visionaries around the world are advocating for a shorter working week, and there is a reason behind it. Long working hours have been shown to impede productivity while a reduction in working hours increases work-life balance. Future generations’ economic and environmental sustainability may furthermore benefit from a shorter working week. Through a redistribution of working hours, equality and em
There are a number of existing and new biofuels on the Swedish market. These operate differently and need to be managed in different ways. In order to solve problems associated with the transport sector's large and unsustainable energy consumption and emissions of CO2, it is important to study how biofuels can work in practice and gain a broad knowledge of prerequisites for their mainstream ma
Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda om det finns motsättningar mellan den aktiebolagsrättsliga vinstmaximeringsprincipen och de krav som ställs på vårdgivare utifrån lagstiftning som ska skydda patienters och vårdtagares intressen. Vidare är syftet att undersöka vilken utformning av lagstiftningen som är lämplig och diskutera detta ur ett rättsekonomiskt perspektiv. Vinster i välfärden är en kontrThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether there are conflicts between the principle of profit maximization in company law and the demands placed on caregivers based on legislation that protects patients and care receivers' interests. Furthermore, the purpose is to examine the design of the legislation and discuss this from a law and economics perspective. Profits that originate from
The occurrence of wildfires is greatly dependent on an ecoregions typical climate and land cover type. To investigate whether climate or land cover primarily lead to wildfires in the conterminous United States, wildfire events from 1999- 2010 are analyzed. Wildfires are divided into years and eco-divisions, a sub-form of ecoregions. To assess whether warmer and dryer divisions are more severely a
In my thesis I have been exploring the opportunities and possibilities in developing new concepts for mobile communication device for younger kids. The project has been commissioned through Designit with the purpose to further explore and investigate how to tap into the market of mobile communication for young users. The project at hand is interesting because we are looking at a situation where t
Many Latin American economies benefited greatly from increasing international trade and an unprecedented commodity boom in the dawn of the 21st century. At the same time the region successfully reduced the prevailing income inequality, apparently without compromising economic growth. These events seem to challenge the common belief of economists, who proclaim the mutual exclusiveness of growth pro
Biodiversity was during the 1990s perceived as 'green gold'. With the emergence of the biotechnology industry, biodiversity prospecting, or bioprospecting, was perceived to provide opportunities to gain benefits for several purposes. Benefits would attribute towards conservation, development of source countries, new medicines, profits for the industry and welfare to local providers of biog
Infatuation and love are two words associated with marriage, but from a historical perspective marriage has nothing to do with love. Marriage has been regulated by both religious and secular rules since medieval times. At first marriage was most common in wealthy families but with the involvement of the church marriage became a sacrament and something every good Christian had to commit to unless t
In December 2016, a Belgian court referred questions to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) concerning the issuance of humanitarian visas to a Christian Syrian family. The central question in the case is whether inter-national treaties and Union law oblige EU Member States to allow their consulates and embassies to issue humanitarian visas. This thesis discusses the outcome of that j
Abstract Author(s): Robert Hildingsson Title: When zero-vision is no longer valid. A study in Social Work on the experiences of the Substitution treatment. Supervisor: Annika Capelán Köhler Assessor: TBA The purpose of the study was to shed some light on the national drug policy of “zero-vision” – that is, the Swedish governmental no-drug policy – from the point of view of the participants of th
Many birds schedule their activity to a specific phase of the diel (24-h) light–dark cycle. Two notable exceptions are the nocturnal migration of many otherwise diurnal songbirds and the diverse activity patterns of birds during the continuous light above the Polar Circles during summer. Assumptions about the phase relationship between migratory activity and the diel cycle can be incorrect, and th
Public procurement represents almost 17 % of the EUs gross domestic product (GDP) which is why it is important to understand what unsound strategic bidding (UNSB) is and what the consequences could be if not prevented. Furthermore, it is often bigger companies that are willing to take the risk that comes with utilizing UNSB. If such UNSB is not prevented it will probably distort competition in the
BACKGROUND: General practices have been a long-standing focus of pharmaceutical promotion, but their financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies remain understudied.AIM: Examine pharmaceutical company payments to general practices in England from 2015-2022, focusing on changing patterns of payments and what this reveals about companies' marketing.DESIGN & SETTING: Descriptive analysi
Alla människor har rätt till hälsa enligt artikel 12 Konventionen om ekonomiska, sociala och kulturella rättigheter (ICESCR) och artikel 35 i EU:s rättighetsstadga (stadgan). För många människor är läkemedel livsviktiga. Emellertid har läkemedelsbolag med patenträttigheter en möjlighet till fri prissättning. Företag behöver tjäna pengar för att kunna forska fram nya produkter och läkemedelsbolag kAccess to pharmaceuticals can be vital for a lot of people. The public’s right to health is ensured by article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and by article 35 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European union (the EU Charter). However, pharmaceutical companies with patent rights can charge whatever price they want on medicines. Companies
Framställningen tar upp sambandet mellan skälighet och den gemensamma partsviljan inom ramen för jämkning och avtalstolkning. Frågeställningarna innefattar främst i vilken mån som partsviljan beaktas inom ramen för jämkning, samt i vilken mån skälighetsöverväganden görs inom ramen för avtalstolkning. Detta analyseras sedan i förhållande till grundläggande avtalsrättsliga principer som avtalsfrihetThe thesis addresses the relationship between unreasonableness and the common will of the party within the assessment of unreasonableness within Article 36 of the Swedish Contracts Act and the interpretation of contracts. The main focus lies with to what extent the courts within their assessment of a contract’s reasonableness consider the common will of the contracting parties, and to what extent
It is commonly understood that Intellectual Property Regimes are aimed at protecting private rights and in doing so sometimes neglect public interests. Historically IP systems were considered to allow authors or creators to secure certain monopolies on rights, hence in the 1970s and 1980s the concern over public needs came forward requiring the IP system to respond to it in a way that would stimul
