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Genom att tolka primärrätten har EU-domstolen fastställt att varje person som drabbats av skada till följd av företags överträdelser av EU:s antitrustregler (s.k. konkurrensskada) har en rätt att söka ersättning för sådan skada. Utformningen av hur rätten ska säkerställas har länge legat på EU:s medlemsländers bord. Under 2005 tog EU-lagstiftaren de första initiativen till att skapa ett harmoniserBy interpretation of the antitrust rules in the EU primary law the ECJ has determined that any person who has suffered loss due to a breach of the those rules have the right to seek damages. For a long time it was up to the member states to make sure that this right was sufficiently protected. In 2005 the EU legislator began a harmonization initiative for this right. In the preparatory acts it was

Dagens tekniksamhälle medför att fler företag kan använda sig av internet för att nå ut med sina varor och tjänster till sina kunder. Det har även genom olika tekniska lösningar gjort det möjligt för företag att förmedla dessa till kunder i andra stater, utan att vara fysisk aktiva i den staten. Genom olika molntjänster kan bolag tillhandahålla en webbplats i Sverige för sina svenska konsumenterToday we are living in a world full of technical equipment, which enables companies to provide their products to consumers in a new way. Through Internet and other technical solutions, companies abroad can provide consumers in Sweden with electronic products and services, without being physical present in Sweden. Through various cloud computing services, a foreign enterprise has the possibility

The purpose of this paper was to research how environmental concerns and sustainable thinking could be integrated into the design process of Electrolux, a Swedish home appliance manufacturer. The research will hopefully help the Electrolux industrial design department improve in the area and prove as a good case study for other companies or academic institutions. Electrolux conducts much research

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the success of theconcept of empowerment in the field of social science can be explained by referring to it as the new paradigm replacing the former paternalistic era. Therefore, I investigate if the character of its history, domicile and practice has the same distinguishing features as the scientific progress. The analysis is based on Thomas Kuhn&#

This thesis examines whether Swedish quoted firms exhibit any asymmetries in macroeconomic risk exposure towards exchange rate risks and interest rate risks across bear and bull markets. Empirical research suggests that events in the stock market influence the real economy and that stock prices tend to lead real economic activity, and thus could bearish and bullish market give rise to conditional

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Sahel kallas området i Afrika som sträcker sig från Atlanten i väst till Röda havet i öst och utgör gränsen mellan Saharas öken i norr och de fuktigare tropiska områdena längre söderut. Området är torrt och nederbörden faller oregelbundet. Under 1970- och 1980-talet drabbades området av svår torka med svält som följd. Studier visar att en ökad mängd nederbörd deSahel is the southern fringe of the Sahara desert. It is an arid region with erratic precipitation. During the 1970s and 1980s Sahel was afflicted with severe droughts and famine disasters. Since the 1970s there has been a debate concerning the concept of land degradation and desertification in Sahel. Recent findings suggest a positive trend in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), estima

The purpose of this study was to identify if and how the personal perspectives and views of social workers active within local social services departments in Sweden might affect how they carry out the transfer of children’s custody from biological to foster parents. The general discourse in child welfare in Sweden gives predominance to a family preservation perspective in which foster care placeme

In June 2005 the Commission imposed a &euro&semic60 million fine on AstraZeneca for abusing its dominant position. This was followed in December 2005 by the Discussion Paper on the application of Article 82 EC, issued by the Directorate-General for Competition of the European Commission. This thesis discusses the interpretation of Article 82 EC and does this from the perspective of pharmac

The dilemma of Article 81(1) EC can be described as a fight between control and freedom. Control in the sense that the Commission has taken a formalistic approach on the interpretation of Article 81(1) EC with the result that many agreements are caught by the prohibition. The only way to avoid the automatic nullity of Article 81(2) EC is then through the exemption paragraph, Article 81(3) EC, whic

Title: Team Works Seminar date: 2012-06-01 Course: ENTN09, Entrepreneurial Project, Business Administration, 7.5 ECTS Author: Robin Eriksson Advisors: Dr. Tomas Karlsson and Ragnar Ahlström Söderling, Key words: Entrepreneurship, New Venture Creation, Teamwork, Group Dynamic, Purpose: The purpose of this personal reflection is to study and analyse what makes a successful team in theory, and how

I Sverige drabbas omkring 300 barn av cancer varje år och majoriteten av dem är bara fyra-fem år gamla när de får sin diagnos. Omkring två tredjedelar av barncancerdiagnoserna utgörs av leukemier, lymfom och hjärntumörer, medan den sista tredjedelen är olika solida tumörformer som njurtumörer och nervvävnadstumörer i buken. Cancersjukvårdens utveckling under de senaste årtiondena har medfört en avPurpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of including PET (Positron Emission Tomography) in the process of pediatric radiation therapy planning. The aim was to study the effect on target volumes and how this in turn affects the resulting treatment plans. This study also aims to compare the estimated risks of various long-term complications and how the use of PET influences the

Introduction: Non-invasive imaging of human articular cartilage is an important tool in understanding, and thus allowing the development of effective treatments for, osteoarthritis; a disease responsible of impaired movement of millions of otherwise healthy individuals. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) have been attributed with important biomechanical properties, vital for the function of the articular ca

Over the past decades, global warming has led to a lengthening of the time window during which temperatures remain favorable for carbon assimilation and tree growth, resulting in a lengthening of the green season. The extent to which forest green seasons have tracked the lengthening of this favorable period under climate warming, however, has not been quantified to date. Here, we used remote sensi

There are many indicators that the representative democratic system is currently facing serious legitimacy challenges. Two central indicators of these challenges are changing patterns of political participation and a decline in system support. Against this backdrop, a growing number of governments claim that democratic innovations (DIs) could reconnect institutions with citizens. This thesis focus

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the in vitro, animal, and clinical studies with the bacterial strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (L. plantarum 299v; formerly named Lactobacillus plantarum 299v) published up until June 30, 2020. L. plantarum 299v is the most documented L. plantarum strain in the world, described in over 170 scientific publications out of which more th

The global cobalt cycle in society was modelled using an integrated systems dynamics model, WORLD6, integrating several earlier system dynamics models developed by the authors. The COBALT sub-model was used to assess the long-term sufficiency of the available extractable cobalt and address the effect of different degrees of recycling on cobalt supply. The extraction of cobalt is mostly dependent o

Historical wage studies have never been able to truly or accurately address the changes in the working year. Real wages have almost always been based on the wages of unskilled and casual laborers, typically paid by the day. Their annual incomes are not clear or obvious – the income is directly dependent on how many days they work. Implicitly the literature has assumed that the number of days worke

With the advent of digitalization, the economy of the world is quickly changing itself and Indian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the front runners. This study sheds light on how digital transformation is crucial to support the growth, competitiveness, and sustainability in the present business environment, and how digital transformation is important to the SMEs in India. To encourage SMEs

BACKGROUND: General practices have been a long-standing focus of pharmaceutical promotion, but their financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies remain understudied.AIM: Examine pharmaceutical company payments to general practices in England from 2015-2022, focusing on changing patterns of payments and what this reveals about companies' marketing.DESIGN & SETTING: Descriptive analysi

Registry-based randomised controlled trials (R-RCTs) represent a paradigm shift in research, with the potential to accomplish pragmatic but large trials with high external validity. In this paper, we review our experiences from planning and performing the REgistry-based randomised controlled trial of treatment Duration and mortality in long-term OXygen therapy (REDOX) trial, the first R-RCT within