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Background and Aim The aim was to investigate the effects of four early life factors – delivery mode, feeding method, probiotics, and antibiotics – on disease development in childhood. This was done by conducting a structured literature review. Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar and ReadCube Papers for studies published between January 2000 and October 2022. For e
Vi lever idag i ett samhälle som ständigt förändras med bland annat stora tekniska utvecklingar. Detta innebär även att brottsligheten förändras och skiftar med tiden. De svenska processrättsliga principerna är från 1940-talet och har en väldigt stor påverkan på förfarandet i brottmålsprocessen. Med utgångspunkt i omedelbarhetsprincipen och muntlighetsprincipen ska de bevis som man ämnar använda åWe live in an ever changing society with major developments, especially in the technical field. This also means that the crimes committed today are different and more complex than before. The Swedish procedural principles are from the 1940s and they have an important influence on today’s criminal trial procedure. Based on the principle of oral procedure and the principle of immediateness the evide
Mental illness among Swedish adolescents is increasing, which partly might be a result of an observed increase in stress. Consequently, the number of adolescents seeking and receiving psychiatric care from pediatric psychiatry is higher than ever, and has resulted in a worsened accessibility with longer waiting times for appointments and treatment. As such, preventive care and health promotion int
Gällande entreprenadarbeten torde det vara vanligt förekommande att beställaren påtalar fel som denne vill att entreprenören ska avhjälpa. För att en part ska kunna aktualisera en påföljd vid påstått kontraktsbrott krävs enligt branschavtalet AB 04, precis som enligt allmän förmögenhetsrätt i övrigt, att en reklamation företas. Syftet med uppsatsen är därför att undersöka hur beställarens påkallanWhen it comes to contract work in the construction sector it is common that the client points out faults that he wants the contractor to rectify. For a party to be able to enforce a sanction in the event of an alleged breach of contract, the branch regulation AB 04 prescribes, just as according to general property law, that a complaint is made. The purpose of the thesis is therefore to investigate
I barnkonventionens artikel 34 stadgas ett krav på att konventionsstaterna ska skydda barn mot alla former av sexuellt utnyttjande och sexuella övergrepp. Uppsatsens syfte är att utreda vad detta krav på skydd innebär. Till uppsatsens syfte hör också att utreda om det finns någonting Sverige, som konventionsstat, kan göra för att i större grad anses leva upp till kravet på skydd för barn mellan 15Article 34 in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child stipulates that the State Parties undertake to protect children from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. The purpose of this essay is to examine what the requirements of protection means. Furthermore, it will be examined if there is anything Sweden, as a State Party, can do to improve its compliance with the requ
I 57 kap. inkomstskattelagen (1999:1229) finns regler som begränsar hur mycket utdelning från ett fåmansföretag som kvalificerat verksamma delägare får ta ut i inkomstslaget kapital, generellt kända som 3:12-reglerna. Syftet med lagstiftningen är att skapa en neutral beskattning av arbetsinkomster och reglerna har bedömts som nödvändiga i det svenska duala inkomstskattesystemet. Utdelning upp tillChapter 57 of the Swedish income tax act (1999:1229) regulates to what extent dividends from a close company may be taxed as capital income among active shareholders, generally known as the 3:12-rules. The purpose of the legislation is to create a neutral taxation of salary income and the rules have been deemed a necessity in the Swedish dual income tax system. Dividends to a standard amount are t
This project presents the reader with possibilities for how Malmö can develop, it shows a methodical approach and proposal for how it is possible to treat the site, ”August Palms plats” and its’ public spaces in order to deal with the social challenges of the city. By interpreting theoretical articles I have created physical manifestations, where public space can generate situations promoting dial
Rail transport across national borders is complicated today. European member states do not have the same regulations and structure of the network. The European market is divided into national networks based on different technologies and national regulations, which constitutes an obstacle to a common rail network. In order to improve accessibility in Europe, the European Union has, since the early
This master thesis is the first step in developing a new laboratory process for the automatic control basic course. The new process should illustrate the benefits of state-space control compared to PID control. A process with several outputs to control is then desired as a single PID controller does not support such a system. The suggested process consists of two carts mounted on a linear rail and
In 2007 the preferential trading agreements between the EUs and its former colonies elapsed. The need for the new Economical Partnership Agreement had been known for long and the new agreements were claimed to have a larger development element and aimed to stimulate regional integration in the African communities. Making African states negotiate in Regional Economic Communities to reach region-wid
This master’s thesis analyses BEPS Action 8 recommendations in relation to transactions with hard-to-value intangibles. OECD has developed them with a view to ensure that transfer pricing outcomes of transactions with hard-to-value intangibles are aligned with value creation. The author discusses whether the proposed measure is in line with the arm’s length principle – the internationally recogniz
In mass media social workers are often accused of either neglect for too long or interfering too soon in child protection cases in which children risk to come to harm. Given that the terrain of child protection has always been ambiguous and uncertain we wanted to explore the Swedish social workers’ own view on risk assessments. The aim of this study was to examine how social workers working with c
Den ökade globaliseringen och världshandeln har medfört att skatteavtal blivit viktigare. Då skatteavtalen har fått en mer central roll har även avtalsmissbruk blivit vanligare. Skatteavtal är folkrättsliga avtal som ingås mellan två eller fler stater och syftar till att förena staternas skattesystem, underlätta beskattningen för personer och myndigheter samt undvika internationell dubbelbeskattniThe increase in globalization and world trade has meant that tax treaties have become more important. As tax treaties have taken on a more central role, treaty abuse has also become more common. Tax treaties are agreements under international treaty law concluded between two or more states with the aim of unifying their tax systems, facilitating the taxation of persons and authorities, and avoidin
The SABR model has for a long time been an invaluable tool for capturing the volatility smile and to price nancial derivatives not quoted in the market. However, the current negative rate environment in the EUR market has led to numerous challenges for nancial institutions. One of the most problematic issues is that the SABR model used for volatility interpolation and extrapolation fails when rate
Den svenska straffrätten har under det senaste århundradet genomgått en mängd förändringar. Allt som oftast har påföljdssystemet varit utformad efter de för tillfället förhärskande bestraffningsteorierna. Det finns en lång tradition av särbehandling av unga lagöverträdare i Sverige och till viss del så tas hänsyn till andra intressen när det gäller ungdomar. Denna framställning ska besvara frågornSwedish penal law has undergone many changes over the last centuries. The sanction system has most often been modelled on penalization theories dominant at the time. Sweden has a long tradition of special treatment of young offenders, and other interest are to some extent taken into consideration when it comes to juvenile offenders compared to adults. This essay will answer the questions of which
Colombia is a country characterized by an intense internal armed conflict, which has its foundation in political instability followed by discontent among the population of the country. With the rise of drug lords, rebel groups, paramilitaries and army the conflict has continuously intensified towards the government, which has left countless of civilians displaced and vulnerable. The political corr
Duni has successfully expand their business internationally. Internationalization makes the distance between the producer and consumers become longer and this leads to strength reduction of corrugated boxes along the supply chain. To overcome this problem, this study is conducted to find the extent of corrugated boxes strength reduction during logistical activities, practices and condition in the
After the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 (GFC) monetary policy and central banking have changed remarkably. Central banks responded to the crisis with extraordinary measures to preserve financial stability but were also largely left alone to fight the economic slow-down and deflationary forces initiated by the crisis. The role of the central bank has expanded enormously and 'unconventional mo
Habitat fragmentation is a common problem in relation with road infrastructure which leads to mortality, isolation of animal populations, and has a negative effect on biodiversity. Animal crossings have been implemented in many countries and are a useful tool to mitigate these problems but they are expensive to build. This thesis explores the methodological approaches used to evaluate how wildlife
The purpose of this research was to do a case study of how value stream mapping (VSM) contributes to operational excellence within an ICT company. To illustrate this, a case study was conducted at Swisscom, a large Swiss telecommunications company. The motivation of the study was to contribute to research within the industry of information and communication technologies (ICT) and secondly, to high
