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The article discusses possible effects of the use of analgesics during pregnancy. It summarizes the pertinent literature and reports some previously unpublished data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Most likely the use of analgesics does not cause spontaneous abortion. Only small malformation risk increases are seen after the use of opioids and perhaps non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (N
This study analyzes the intergenerational effects of late child bearing on offspring’s adult longevity in a population in Utah (USA) that does not display evidence of parity-specific birth control – a so-called natural fertility population. Studies have found that for women who experience late menopause and prolonged reproduction, aging is postponed and longevity is increased. This is believed to
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen består av fem stycken artiklar som analyserar och estimerar finansiella prisprocesser. Alla artiklarna handlar också om stokastiska volatilitetsprocesser som estimeras med Bayesiansk statistik och Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) metoder. Det första pappret utvecklar en modell för att mäta den amerikanska och de regionala europeiska aktiemarknadernas påverThis dissertation consists of five papers concerned with the estimation and analysis of financial price processes. The first paper develops a stock price model and analyzes the impact of the US and the regional European stock markets on the local European countries’ stock markets. Among several things, we find that the dependencies among the stock markets do not increase during periods of distress
Phthalates are ubiquitous industrial chemicals that have been associated with altered reproductive function in rodents. Several human studies have reported an inverse association between male testosterone and phthalate levels. Our aim was to investigate time to pregnancy (TTP) according to serum levels of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) metabolites in both partners. I
The cerebellar cortex is necessary for adaptively timed conditioned responses (CRs) in eyeblink conditioning. During conditioning, Purkinje cells acquire pause responses or "Purkinje cell CRs" to the conditioned stimuli (CS), resulting in disinhibition of the cerebellar nuclei (CN), allowing them to activate motor nuclei that control eyeblinks. This disinhibition also causes inhibition of the infe
The Palaeocene arctic supported a vegetation type quite distinct from the tundra and polar desert of today. Here we demonstrate, through the palynological record, the structure of this extinct vegetation and its dynamics over this period. The Late Palaeocene coal-bearing units of the Sagwon Bluffs on Alaska's North Slope (present latitude 69 degrees N) are predominantly fine-grained, non-marine an
Pollen accumulation rates (PARs) provide a potential proxy for quantitative tree volume (m3 ha-1) reconstruction with reliable absolute pollen productivity estimates (APPEs). We obtained APPEs for pine, spruce and birch at their range limits in northern Finland under two temperature periods (warm and cold) based on long-term pollen trap and tree volume records within a 14-km radius of each trap. A
Synaptic gain control and information storage in neural networks are mediated by alterations in synaptic transmission, such as in long-term potentiation (LTP). Here, we show using both in vitro and in vivo recordings from the rat cerebellum that tetanization protocols for the induction of LTP at parallel fiber (PF)-to-Purkinje cell synapses can also evoke increases in intrinsic excitability. This
The calibration theorem by Rabin [Rabin, M., 2000a. Risk aversion and expected utility theory: A calibration theorem. Econometrica 68, 1281-1292; Rabin, M., 2000b. Diminishing marginal utility of wealth cannot explain risk aversion. In: Kahneman, D., Tversky, A. (Eds.), Choices, Values and Frames. Cambridge University Press] implies that seemingly plausible small-stake choices under risk imply imp
The article discusses the identity, roles, and duties of the professional historian in an era in which the historical dimension is no longer a historian's monopoly. It is argued that the standard modern framework of understanding a historian as someone highly specialized in the production of 'new' history has to give way to a new understanding that situates the historian in historical culture, whi
In a broad range of species-including humans-it has been demonstrated that telomere length declines throughout life and that it may be involved in cell and organismal senescence. This potential link to ageing and thus to fitness has triggered recent interest in understanding how variation in telomere length is inherited and maintained. However, previous studies suffer from two main drawbacks that
Background: Early developmental conditions can influence within- and among-brood variation in the timing of hatching/birth, which has been shown to affect offspring survival, growth, and reproductive success across a range of species. Problem: How does within- and among-litter variation in the timing of birth affect offspring growth and survival in Egernia whitii? Organism: Egernia whitii, a l
Abstract in Spanish A pesar de que el mercado laboral sueco ha permanecido relativamente intacto durante la crisis económica en los últimos seis años, la integración de personas con capacidad laboral reducida a causa de discapacidades es significativamente menor que la de otros grupos sociales. La legislación sueca sobre discapacidad y trabajo cubre varios aspectos en medidas de integración, antidEven though the Swedish labour market has been more or less intact during the financial crisis in the past six years, persons with reduced working capacity due to disabilities are significantly less integrated in the labour market than other groups in society. Swedish legislation on disability and work provides for a number of different aspects of integrative measures, anti-discrimination and prov
Increased temperatures and concomitant changes in vegetation patterns are expected to dramatically alter the functioning of northern ecosystems over the next few decades. Predicting the ecosystem response to such a shift in climate and vegetation is complicated by the lack of knowledge about the links between aboveground biota and belowground process rates. Current models suggest that increasing t
Power, influence and employee empowerment are topics which have been of great interest to many researchers for a long time. However, there has been limited research on upward influence and employees' perceptions of empowerment. In addition, there has almost been no research on the relations between upward influence and employee empowerment. This thesis deals with these relations, and how they
Early-life adversity negatively affects morbidity and survival in late life, but knowledge is limited about effects on women’s reproduction and reproductive health. To deepen our understanding of the full effects of disease exposure in early life, including long-term consequences, we study women’s reproductive outcomes and their offspring’s health. Using the Scanian Economic Demographic Database a
STUDY QUESTIONAmong women pregnant after IVF/ICSI, do obstetric outcomes differ for women diagnosed with endometriosis and/or adenomyosis according to definitions by International Deep Endometriosis (IDEA) and the revised Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment (MUSA) groups, compared to women without the disease?SUMMARY ANSWERWomen with endometriosis and/or adenomyosis have a higher risk of p
This study is concerned with the statistical analysis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) antibody decrease after vaccination. The objective is to derive conclusions about protection duration of vaccination. TBE is a serious infection affecting the central nervous system and Austria is a high risk region of TBE. Active immunization by vaccination prevents TBE and nowadays 88% of Austria's populat
This essay studies the role of Mary, Jesus' mother, among women in Nicaragua. The aim is to investigate how Mary is present in the Nicaraguan feast la Purísima and how that relates to Mary in everyday life. Doing so, the research intends to contribute to the research about Mary in the Latin American context. Originally, the celebration of the feast started in the Eastern Church in the 7th cent
