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Popular Abstract in Swedish För mer än hundra år sedan visade Hofmeister och Lewith att vissa salter har mer eller mindre förmåga att destabilisera ett protein upplöst i vatten. Ungefär samtidigt, visade Arrhenius att salter upplösta i vatten dissocierar i olika joner. Joner är laddade stabila partiklar som är mycket viktiga för stabiliteten av kemiska och biologiska system. Det har under de senasUsing experiments it is rather easy to measure things on the macroscopic length scale, while it is much harder to measure something in the microscopic world like molecular structure. The opposite is true in theoretical chemistry. It is today rather easy to calculate a bond distance or a coordination number, but it is not possible to perform a calculation aiming at the description of macroscopic ph

We identified volatiles from the floral headspace of Yucca filamentosa using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and analyzed floral scent composition and variation among populations pollinated by different yucca moth species. Twenty-one scent compounds were repeatedly identified and most could be categorized into two major classes: (1) homoterpenes derived from the sesquiterpene alcohol nero

We have identified a new cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoform, PDE3A, and cloned its cDNA from cultured aortic myocytes. The nucleotide sequence of its coding region is similar to that of the previously cloned myocardial isoform except for the absence of the initial 300-400 nt that are present in the latter, as confirmed by reverse-transcriptase-mediated PCR, 5' rapid amplification of cDNA

Women younger than 50 have a lower age-specific incidence of CVD than men. With advancing age this difference gradually disappears. These well-established facts provide the rationale for numerous primary and a few secondary intervention studies with ERT. With increasing sophistication and longer observation periods, both case-control and cohort studies agree on a cardioprotective effect by estroge

A dynamic, process-oriented, deterministic and phosphorus-based model was developed to simulate the food web dynamics of Lake Ringsjön, in particular the long-term effects of biomanipulation in terms of reduction of omnivorous fish. The model contains 14 state variables, each with a differential equation describing sources and sinks of phosphorus. The state variables encompass piscivorous and omni

The macula of the human retina contains high amounts of the xanthophyll carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin [a mixture of (3R,3′R)-zeaxanthin and (3R,3′S-meso)-zeaxanthin]. Recently, it was shown that the uptake and the stabilization of zeaxanthin and lutein into the retina are likely to be mediated by specific xanthophyll-binding proteins (XBP). Here, we have used femtosecond pump–probe spectroscop

Dominance can be maintained through status recognition or recognition of individual (familiar) opponents. In crustaceans, both types of recognition exist, often based on chemical signals. Fight behaviours involved in establishment and maintenance of dominance relationships in male and female European lobster (Homarus gammarus) were examined. Same-sex pairs of size-matched animals interacted on two

The thesis has one aim: to investigate the modernist project for design in Sweden and extract its dominant ideals, with the purpose of discussing it critically. The ideals of the modernist project for design make the social democratic thought manifest. These ideals are interpreted as a socialistic aesthetic. The results of the investigation can be summoned up in the following conclusions: When a c

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vid total höftledsartroplastik är cementering av den konstgjorda ledpannan (cupen) ett allmänt sett välfungerande koncept, men frekvensen av lossning och åtföljande omoperation är fortfarande för hög. En av de viktigaste faktorerna för långtidsöverlevnad av protesimplantat är den initialt uppnådda fixationen och stabiliteten. Den föreliggande avhandlingen omfattar såvälIn total hip arthroplasty cemented fixation of the acetabular component is a generally successful concept, but the rate of aseptic loosening and consequent revision surgery is still too high. One of the crucial factors for longterm implant survival is the initial fixation and stability. This thesis comprises experimental and clinical studies, including radiostereometry (RSA) with up to 5 years fol

Background. Reliable risk estimates for venous thrombosis in families with inherited thrombophilia are scarce but necessary for determining optimal screening and treatment policies. Objectives: In the present analysis, we determined the risk of a first venous thrombotic event in carriers of a thrombophilic defect (i.e. antithrombin-, protein C- or protein S deficiency, or factor V Leiden). Patient

Modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype is thought to be important in the development of the atherosclerotic lesion. Such modulation depends on growth factors and is influenced by cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Whereas smooth muscle cells in the vessel wall are contractile, dispersed cells in culture rapidly modulate to synthetic phenotype, w

This study addresses the problem of foreign policy change. While the 1990s has been characterized by remarkable changes in world affairs, political scientists have been slow to study the processes through which such changes take place. Drawing on the limited research that does exist in this field, the study presents an alternative explanatory model of foreign policy change, arguing that states ten

Presence–absence surveys are a commonly used method for monitoring broad-scale changes in wildlife distributions. However, the lack of power of these surveys for detecting population trends is problematic for their application in wildlife management. Options for improving power include increasing the sampling effort or arbitrarily relaxing the type I error rate. We present an alternative, whereby

In our clinical research, we have drawn the conclusion that meaningful long-term (> 6 months) pain relieving effects can be seen in a proportion of patients suffering from nociceptive pain. What are the mechanisms behind this? From the existing experimental data, some important conclusions can be drawn: A significant proportion of the animal research only represents short-term hypoalgesia probably

Substantial evidence exists that reactive oxygen species participate in the pathogenesis of brain damage following both sustained and transient cerebral ischemia, adversely affecting the vascular endothelium and contributing to the formation of edema. One likely triggering event for free radical damage is delocalization of protein-bound iron. The binding capacity for some iron-binding proteins is

A Review of: Vega, Robert D. and Ruth S. Connell. “Librarians’ Attitudes Toward Conferences: A Study.” College & Research Libraries 68.6 (2007): 503-15. Objectives – To determine why professional librarians attend or do not attend conferences and to consider their attitudes toward the various conference offerings and whether conference attendance is important to their careers. Design – An e

This thesis deals primarily with the production of written texts by adults with reading and writing difficulties. Their writing is analysed from three different aspects: error analysis, non-error-oriented text analysis and analysis of the production process. These studies are based on data from on-line recordings of writing. The main question is how the written language production of adults with r

Gas turbines are widely used for aircraft propulsion, land-base power generation, and other industrial applications like trains, marines, automobiles, etc. To satisfy the fast development of advanced gas turbines, the operating temperature must be increased to improve the thermal efficiency and output work of the gas turbine engine. However, the heat transferred to the turbine blade is substantial

The original aim of prophylactic replacement therapy was to convert the bleeding pattern of severe hemophilia to that of moderate hemophilia through regular infusions of clotting factor concentrates. However, targeting prophylaxis on minimum trough levels does not prevent all bleeding. At the group level, there is a clear association of factor levels with bleeding and outcome. But bleeding phenoty