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Independent estimation and verification of fossil CO2 emissions on a regional and national scale are crucial for evaluating the fossil CO2 emissions and reductions reported by countries as part of their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Top-down methods, such as the assimilation of in situ and satellite observations of different tracers (e.g., CO2, CO, Δ14CO2, XCO2), have been increasing
The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the distribution of hydrological resources over time and space in two sub basins of the Lake Poopó area in Bolivia. This investigation is made in order to evaluate how supply and demand can be balanced and what effect the insufficiency of hydrological resources has on the socio economic situation. The two main problems in the area regarding water
Background: Early cartilage changes in knee osteoarthritis (OA) can be assessed by both intravenous (i.v.) and intra-articular (i.a.) delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC). Purpose: To examine the relationship between i.a. dGEMRIC and delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of menisci (dGEMRIM), and to investigate if the approach can be used to assess the morphological degeneration of men
Goals concerning reduced car traffic are found in most European cities, indicating a potential change in local transport policy and land use planning, which have traditionally been very car-centric. This paper analyses goals and measures to reduce car traffic in Swedish municipalities’ long-term transport and land use plans. Theoretically, the paper is based on an understanding of policies as part
This study examines the causal effects of birth weight on two health-related outcomes: inpatient hospitalizations and sickness absences, distinguishing between different diagnoses. Our analysis exploits differences within siblings and within twin pairs, using full population Swedish register data on cohorts born between 1973 and 1995, observed through childhood and in adulthood. In childhood, ther
Background Suicide is more common among males and in older age, but the understanding of sex-specific and age-specific risk indicators is limited. Objective To describe the sex-specific and age-specific prevalence of 25 suicide risk indicators in the year preceding suicide and estimate their associations with suicide. Methods Register-based population-nested case-control study in Sweden, 2009–2021
This thesis consists of four self-contained empirical studies on how economic shocks and structural changes shape individual behavior and local outcomes.Paper I examines how military base closures affect young adults’ education and labor market outcomes. The results show that men respond by increasing tertiary education, while women experience improved short-term labor market outcomes, suggesting
Due to the great variation in approaches to psychiatric rehabilitation, the literature does not provide a uniform description of these methods. In this review, outcomes in terms of subjective quality of life are discussed in relation to vocational training, activity-based rehabilitation, case management, and social skills training. Relationships between aspects of daily life and subjective quality
The camera eyes of fishes and cephalopods have come forth by convergent evolution. In a variety of vertebrates capable of color vision, longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) of the optical system is corrected for by the exactly tuned longitudinal spherical aberration (LSA) of the crystalline lens. The LSA leads to multiple focal lengths, such that several wavelengths can be focused on the retina
In this paper, we present and discuss results from an investigation of verb placement in modern Faroese in which we collected data from speakers from a number of different dialect areas in the Faroe Islands. Altogether we interviewed 54 informants (age 15 – 67, 29 women and 25 men). Therefore, our study not only investigates the geographical variation claimed to be present in Faroese with respect
The chapter investigates the democratic potential of politically and socially oriented civil society organizations (CSOs) to engage citizens and articulate citizens’ interests in the policymaking process in North Macedonia. To do so, the chapter reports on the responses of CSOs to a survey which sought information on the extent to which organizations involve members in organizational activities an
The production of 1 ton of PVC requires 2.0 - 2.5 m3 of demineralised water. Some of the water is lost in the process, e.g. as vapor during the drying of the PVC or as sealing water, while approx. 80% of the water could potentially be recycled. In today’s installations only about 20 – 25% of the water recovered by the PVC decanter is used for flushing of the facilities, while 75 – 80% is discharge
The integration of sociocultural valuations (SCV) within an ecosystem services (ES) framework is increasingly being required in environmental management contexts. Yet, this raises important questions: how do we approach SCV when people's perceptions are based on unbalanced information and advocate for detrimental actions? How then should SCV results be used? Should they be used to steer decisions?
Citizen science is changing society's contribution to research projects worldwide. Non-experts are no longer just spectators, they are active participants and supporters of scientific work. Using citizen science, that is, data collected by laypeople, the opportunities to collect large-scale data on the environment are increasing. Such community-based and citizen scientific approaches can provide u
Impurities coupled to superconductors offer a controlled platform to understand the interplay between superconductivity, many-body interactions, and nonequilibrium physics. In the equilibrium situation, local interactions at the impurity induce a transition from the spin-singlet to the spin-doublet ground state, resulting in a supercurrent sign reversal (0-π transition). In this work, we apply the
The eddy-covariance (EC) method is the most direct micrometeorological approach to measure the surface–atmosphere trace gases under turbulent conditions. The measurement of trace gas fluxes by eddy covariance requires fast-response instruments (higher than 1 Hz) to measure the turbulent fluctuations of vertical wind velocity and trace gas mixing ratio. For many trace gas species, such fast respons
This paper analyses regional public transport planning in Sweden. The aim is to provide an insight into how policy objectives are translated into action and to investigate how public transport measures are evaluated. The analysis is based on interviews with civil servants in five Swedish regions. Cost-benefit analysis is sparsely used (if ever) and the results further indicate that planning and ev
We ask what caused poverty to decline in Brazil over the last decade. Our contribution lies in the introduction of a structural change perspective to assess the evolution of poverty by considering the sectoral impact of growth and the social policies at the federal, state and municipal level. We confirm previous findings in the literature that the service sector rather than agriculture contributes
Organ hypertrophy is often found to be associated with changes in the expression of caveolins and altered density of caveolae in the membrane. A plethora of signalling intermediaries are associated with caveolae and loss of caveolae has profound effects on contractility of the urinary bladder. We hypothesized that smooth muscle hypertrophy caused by bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) might lead to
Background It has been hypothesised that the presence of health-damaging factors and lack of health-promoting factors lie in the causal pathway between neighbourhood deprivation and coronary heart disease (CHD). This study is the first to examine the associations between individual-level CHD risk and neighbourhood availability of fast-food restaurants, bars/pubs, physical activity facilities and h
