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We consider channel estimation (CE) in narrowband Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT) systems. Due to the fluctuations in phase within receiver and transmitter oscillators, and also the residual frequency offset (FO) caused by discontinuous receiving of repetition coded transmit data-blocks, random phase noises are presented in received signals. Although the coherent-time of fading channel can be assumed
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Supernovor och andra galaktiska system skickar ut mängder av atomkärnor med nära ljusets hastighet, så kallad kosmisk strålning. Eftersom supernovor framförallt finns i spiralarmarna i vår galax och jorden över långa tidsperioder rör sig relativt spiralarmarna så har det föreslagits att kosmisk strålning inte varit konstant under jordens historia. Vidare har visIt has been suggested that the cosmic ray flux varies as Earth moves relative to the spiral arms in the galaxy. However, no satisfying record over the cosmic ray flux over long time scales has been presented. This work aims to investigate the possibility to use cosmic ray tracks in silicate mineral inclusions in sediment-dispersed extraterrestrial chromite (SEC) grains as such a record. Chromite i
A solution to an ordinary differential equation may be stable or unstable. Let x = φ(t) be a solution of an autonomous differential equation x′ = Ax. The solution x = φ(t) with φ(0) = t0 is stable if every other solution ψ(t) with initial condition sufficiently close to φ(t) will remain close to φ(t) for all t > 0. For an autonomous system of linear differential equations, it is possible to determ
Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have renewed debates about the future of leadership, in particular the nature of the relationship between human leaders and intelligent machines. The literature tends to portrays human-machine relations in complementary terms: the machine does the data analysis and the number crunching while the leader makes the decisions, guided by their unique visi
Astrophysicists have long studied the early Universe in an attempt to explain where galaxies, and by proxy us, come from. In this thesis, the global properties of galaxies at z = 3, where star formation plays a large part , are studied when changing the stellar feedback strength and resolution in simulations. The simulation code used is based on RAMSES, using a similar setup to VINTERGATAN. Four s
This paper studies the relationship between Thai-Cambodia border tensions and cooperation against online fraud from February 2021 to February 2026. Online fraud has become a serious cross-border problem in Southeast Asia, and Thailand and Cambodia both have reasons to cooperate against scam compounds and related criminal networks. At the same time, their relationship is shaped by a long history of
INTRODUCTION: Competitive breath-hold divers can accomplish previously unbelievable performances; e.g., the current world record for apnea during rest ("static apnea") is 11 min 35 s. However, whether such performances are associated with a risk for hypoxic brain damage has not been established. CASE REPORT: A breath-hold diver's competitive performance resulted in a loss of consciousness, after w
The effect of thermal ionization on the growth of soot particles has been analyzed by detailed kinetic modeling of a low-pressure premixed acetylene flame. The detailed kinetic model considers the oxidation of fuel, the formation and growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and particle inception, coagulation, as well as mass growth via surface reactions. A numerical method has been developed,
Holistic theories of meaning have, at least since Dummett’s Frege: The Philosophy of language, been assumed to be problematic from the perspective of the incremental nature of natural language learning. In this essay I argue that the general relationship between holism and language learning is in fact the opposite of that claimed by Dummett. It is only given a particular form of language learning,
Although randomized controlled trials (RCT) are the gold standard for establishing causation in clinical research, their aggregated results can be misleading when applied to individual patients. A treatment may be beneficial in some patients, but its harms may outweigh benefits in others. While conventional one-variable-at-a-time subgroup analyses have well-known limitations, multivariable risk-ba
Risk minimization is no longer a sufficient survival strategy for poor people in livelihood systems increasingly exposed to frequent extreme events. This calls for comprehensive adaptation to climate change. Within the climate change regime, adaptation is as central as mitigation but needs to be much more explicitly addressed at local, national and global levels. There is also a need for policy re
Chronic hypoxia is a clinically important condition known to cause vascular abnormalities. To investigate the cellular mechanisms involved, we kept rings of a rat tail artery for 4 days in hypoxic culture (HC) or normoxic culture (NC) (PO(2) = 14 vs. 110 mmHg) and then measured contractility, oxygen consumption (JO(2)), and lactate production (J(lac)) in oxygenated medium. Compared with fresh ring
Aggrecan, versican, neurocan, and brevican are important components of the extracellular matrix in various tissues. Their amino-terminal globular domains bind to hyaluronan, but the function of their carboxyl-terminal globular domains has long remained elusive. A picture is now emerging where the C-type lectin motif of this domain mediates binding to other extracellular matrix proteins. We here de
“Die Unruhe und Ungewissheit sind unser Theil”, writes Goethe in a letter to the German novelist Sophie von la Roche in 1774. But is it the incalculable and indeterminate that cause disquiet, or is it our bustling pursuit of knowledge that makes us uncertain? Contemporary psychologists have taught us a great deal about the way we perceive risks and about the way affects and emotions influence our
The focus of this paper is to explore better strategies for optimising bone strength and reducing risk of fracture, while at the same time decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease. The majority of Americans do not consume the current recommended dietary allowance for calcium, and the lifetime risk of osteoporosis is about 50%. However, traditional mononutrient calcium supplements may not be ideal
Nine patients with spondylarthropathy (SpA) (6 with ankylosing spondylitis and 3 with psoriatic arthritis) who had not responded properly to conventional DMARD therapy were treated with 3 infusions (at 0, 2 and 6 weeks) of the TNF alpha inhibitor infliximab (3 mg/kg), in combination with methotrexate. To measure the effect of treatment, patients were evaluated before as well as 8 and 12 weeks afte
Personers reaktioner har studerats genom experimentella studier samt i genomgång av litteraturen. I denna undersökning har valet av utrymningsväg vid en simulerad brand studerats utifrån olika förutsättningar vad avser avstånd till utrymningsvägen och om dörren var öppen eller stängd. En andra del i försöket studerade hur personer reagerade och uppfattade situationen om en liten brand befann sig mHow people react on fire alarm have been studied in retrospect as well as in experiments. In the present study, the choice of exit was examined with respect to the distance to exits and open or closed emergency exit. The second part covers the question on how the subjects think and react in a situation having a small fire in the escape route. The third part deals with some communication aspects re
This study examines if there are positive effects of constructing portfolios based on value and momentum. Three value portfolios (low, medium, high) and three momentum portfolios are constructed using large cap stocks from the four Nordic Nasdaq OMX exchanges. The portfolios are then re-sorted on an annual basis over the test period 2005-2016. Furthermore, two long-short market neutral portfolios
Arabidopsis thaliana has two isoforms of alpha-glycan phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1), one residing in the plastid and the other in the cytosol. The cytosolic phosphorylase, PHS2, acts on soluble heteroglycans that constitute a part of the carbohydrate pool in a plant. This study aimed to define a physiological role for PHS2. Under standard growth conditions phs2 knock-out mutants do not show any clear
