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Korruption är ett begrepp som inte har någon klar definition. Det är många vetenskaper som diskuterar korruption, dock görs detta med delvis olika synvinklar. Denna framställning visar att det finns många olika perspektiv att anlägga på korruptionsproblematiken, perspektiv som dessutom leder till olika slutsatser om problematikens orsaker och verkan. Fler tvärvetenskapliga perspektiv behövs, för aCorruption is a term that has no clear definition. There are many disciplines that discuss corruption, however, this is done with somewhat different perspectives. This essay shows multiple perspectives on corruption issues, perspectives which also lead to different conclusions about the causes and effects of corruption. More interdisciplinary perspectives are needed to be able to work against corr

In a so-called globalized world characterized by the continuous movement of people and pathogens crossing national borders, the Nordic welfare states can, arguably, no longer be studied as isolated entities removed from their broader international and geopolitical context. For example, as was aptly illustrated by the 2009 swine flu outbreak, infectious diseases spread at a pace unmatched by previo

There are seventeen million people in the world who are stateless, not considered as citizens by any state. They suffer due to the current function of citizenship in the nation-state system, occupying a legal space outside of the system, yet, their lives are very much blighted by the system itself. This research examines the possibility that global citizenship could be a means to address stateless

The outcome of a procurement process largely depends upon how it was designed e.g. the terms and conditions that evaluates on what criteria a supplier is awarded a contract. In private sector procurement, evaluation of past performance is natural part of the evaluation process procurement. In public procurement there are more limited possibilities to evaluate past performance based on the rules an

Att upprätthålla en effektiv konkurrens är något som EG-rätten syftar till. Genom artikel 82 i EG-fördraget förhindras dominerande företag att via ensidiga förfaranden utestänga konkurrenter eller begränsa konkurrensen. Det finns flera sätt, för ett dominerande företag, att påverka konkurrensen negativt och därmed göra sig skyldigt till missbruk enligt artikel 82. Ett förfarande som under vissa om

The Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh (the Accord) is generally seen as a positive development in ensuring that Bangladeshi garment industry workers have access to safe working conditions. A central structural difference between the Accord and earlier corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives is that the Accord takes the form of an enforceable contract that directly connects

It is fair to assume that the process of standardization may have a significant impact on the development and adoption of SB. Within SB different standardization efforts have been made, but none has assumed a dominance or authority in the area. Standardization efforts within SB may differ within various technical areas, and also the basic processes of standard creation can be divided into various

Background: High breast density is a risk factor for breast cancer. However, whether density is a prognostic factor is debatable. Also, tumor appearances are related to tumor characteristics. Here we investigate the relationship between breast cancer-specific survival and mammographic breast density and mammographic tumor appearances. Methods: Women in the Malmö Diet and Cancer study with invasive

Regionaliseringsprosesser og politisk regionalisme har over lengre tid blitt sentrale temaer i akademiske debatter om nasjonalstaters re-skalering og den såkalte misnøyens geografi. Lignende dynamikker er også til stede i Norge, hvor regionreformen som ble gjennomført i 2020 møtte motstand langs sentrum-periferi-linjer. Slike fenomener stiller spørsmål om hvordan ulike aktører bidrar til regionersRegionalisation processes and regionalist contestation have been the subjects of long-standing debates on state rescaling and political geographies of discontent. Similar dynamics are also present in Norway, where a recent regional reform has faced opposition along centre-periphery lines. These phenomena raise questions about how different actors discursively enact the institutionalisation and/or

This chapter aims to discuss the phenomenon of altering the telos of a treaty by changing the focus of its object and purpose through treaty implementation. To examine the consequences in international law of altering the telos of a treaty, this contribution uses the example of the 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) against the backdrop of the considerations regarding a possi

Uppsatsens syfte är att utreda skyddsomfånget för artikel 3 i Europakonventionen i de fall svårt sjuka migranter riskerar utvisning till ett land som inte kan erbjuda tillräcklig vård. Med avstamp i artikelns ursprungliga förbud för stater att utsätta individer för tortyr och omänsklig eller förnedrande behandling, anläggs ett rättsutvecklingsperspektiv på hur skyddet har utformats. Vidare appliceThe purpose of this essay is to investigate the scope of protection under article 3 of the European convention on human rights in cases where seriously ill migrants face expulsion to a country which cannot provide adequate health care. Starting with a presentation of the prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment, the essay presents the development of the law regarding the scope of

Husförvärvet är en av de viktigaste affärerna en konsument gör i sitt liv. När konsumenten ingår ett avtal med en näringsidkare om småhusentreprenad förväntar sig konsumenten att arbetet ska färdigställas utan brister och fel. Konsumenten har inte samma kunskap och erfarenhet som näringsidkaren och anses därför har en svagare ställning i en avtalsrelation gentemot näringsidkaren. KTjL är tvingandeHousing acquisition is one of the most important deals consumers make in their life. When consumers conclude an agreement on small house contracts with a business proprietor, consumers expect that the work will be completed without deficiencies and faults. Consumers do not have the same knowledge and experience as business proprietors and are therefore deemed to have a weaker position than busines

Köttkonsumtionen orsakar utsläpp av växthusgaser som bidrar till den globala uppvärmningen och kan även medföra oönskade hälsoeffekter. I framställningen analyseras hur vi kan nå en samhällsekonomiskt effektiv konsumtionsnivå. Med utgångspunkt i de klassiska nationalekonomiska teorierna presenteras de ekonomiska problem som köttkonsumtionen idag ger upphov till. På grund av förekomsten av marknadsMeat consumption causes greenhouse gas emissions which contributes to the global warming and can also lead to undesired health effects. This presentation analyzes how we can reach an economically efficient level of meat consumption. The economic problems that meat consumption raises today, based on classic economic theories, will be presented in this thesis. In the presence of market failures and

Enligt gällande internationell beskattningsrätt är ett bolags rörelseresultat endast beskattningsbart i bolagets hemviststat såvida det inte bedriver ett fast driftställe i en annan stat. Om bolaget bedriver ett sådant, får inkomster hänförliga till det fasta driftstället beskattas i den andra staten. Ett fast driftställe är en stadigvarande plats för affärsverksamhet var den fysiska platsen är deUnder current international tax law, profits of an enterprise are only taxable in the domicile of the enterprise unless it operates through a permanent establishment in another state. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, profits attributable to the permanent establishment may be taxed in the other state. A permanent establishment is a fixed place of business where the physical locat

Sverige saknar ett tillräknelighetskrav för bedömningen av straffansvar. Till-räknelighet kan även benämnas som ansvarsförmåga vilket redan förutsätts i bedömning enligt svenskrätt vilket har kritiserats i fall med psykiskt störda lagöverträdare då skuld kan ifrågasättas. Istället ska uppsåtsbedömningen gö-ras som vanligt när den tilltalade har en tillfällig sinnesförvirring. I uppsåtsbe-dömningenSweden lacks a requirement of accountability for criminal liability. Accounta-bility can also be referred to as the ability to take responsibility, which is al-ready assumed in the assessment of guilt. Instead, the assessment of criminal intent is made in the same way for mentally disturbed as for mentally sane offenders. However, in the assessment of intent, there is a general requirement for awa

Tänk dig följande scenario. En man instruerar en kvinna att utföra en rad olika sexuella akter, i utbyte mot ersättning, för att tillfredsställa honom sexuellt. Hela händelseförloppet sker över nätet. Skulle du klassificera detta som prostitution? Detta är vad den här uppsatsen syftar att utreda. Syftet kan konkretiseras med följande frågeställningar: ● Finns det i svensk gällande rätt utrymme attImagine the following scenario. A man instructs a woman to perform several sexual things, in exchange for compensation, in order to satisfy him sexually. The entire course of events happens online. Would you classify this as prostitution? That is what this thesis aims to examine. The purpose of this thesis can be explained with the following questions: • Is it possible according to Swedish law to

The thesis explores the decision-making process of sustainable entrepreneurs for securing external funds by adopting the “triple bottom line” research perspective (Hall et al., 2010; Sarango-Lalangui, 2018). It delves into how sustainable entrepreneurs assess and exploit funding opportunities while balancing their economic and non-economic goals. The research addresses two primary questions: what

Uppsatsen gör avstamp i att utreda konkurrensrättens syften, hur vertikala prisbindningar regleras och vad konsekvenserna av att tillämpa en vertikal prisbindning innebär. För en samtidsrelevant förankring skapas en kartläggande rättsdogmatisk situation utifrån en av Sveriges största dagligvaruföretags prissänkningskampanjer. I förhållande till deras höga marknadsandelar skulle en slagkraftigare pThe thesis begins by investigating the purposes behind competition law, how vertical price restraints are regulated, and the consequences of applying a vertical price restraint. For a contemporary contextualization, a mapping of the legal dogmatic situation is created based on one of Sweden's largest grocery retailers' price reduction campaigns. Considering their high market shares a more