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Many animals engage in contests with conspecifics for access to resources. Understanding which resources individuals are contesting for, and what influences the outcome is central to our understanding of contest behaviour. We initially observed female bees of the genus Tetralonia (sp. n.) aggressively competing for access to burrows in the ground, without any clear indication of exactly which reso
Objective: Studies of the importance of perinatal factors for the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are sparse. We conducted a large national cohort study to examine perinatal and familial risk factors for IBS. Material and methods: A national cohort of 1,963,685 persons who were born in Sweden in 1973–1992 (identified from the Swedish Birth Registry) were followed up for adult (18 yea
Self-diffusion constants of amphiphilic molecules in D2O solutions of mixed poly(oxyethylene)-polydimethylsiloxane diblock copolymer (POE-PDMS, SimC3EOn) and poly(oxyethylene) dodecyl ether (C12EOn) were measured by pulsed-field-gradient NMR method. In the D2O/Si25C3EO51.6/C12EO8 or D2O/Si52C3EO51.6/Cl2EO8 systems, small and large micelles coexist in a wide range of SimC3EO51.6 fraction in total a
This 8-year controlled, follow-up study in 66 Swedish soccer women evaluated the effect of training and reduced training on BMD. The players who retired during the follow-up lost BMD in the femoral neck, whereas the controls did not. Introduction: Physical activity during adolescence increases BMD, but whether the benefits are retained with reduced activity is controversial. Materials and Method
Vi lever i en tid av snabb teknisk utveckling. På bara några decennier har den sociala miljön förändrats drastiskt. Vi har gått från en värld där social interaktion bestod i direkt kontakt mellan två individer till en värld där en stor del av det sociala utbytet inte sker ansikte mot ansikte utan skärm mot skärm. Denna nya verklighet har medfört en intensifierad konflikt mellan två av våra mest beWe are living in a world of rapid progress. In just a few decades our social environment has developed drastically. We have progressed from a world where social interaction consisted in direct contact between individuals to a world where a significant part of the social exchange no longer happens face to face but screen to screen. This new reality has resulted in an intense conflict between two of
The Image of Sweden abroad usually comes with positive connotations. Some of Sweden’s perceived strengths, e.g. being open, authentic, caring, and innovative, are represented in the Strategy for the Image of Sweden (2013). However, changing circumstances, such as the implementation of internal border controls as a result of the migration crisis beginning in autumn 2015, along with a changing polit
Bestämmelser om tvångslikvidation av aktiebolag vid kapitalbrist har sedan länge reglerats i svensk rätt. Bestämmelsernas övergripande syfte är att utgöra en gräns för hur långt en förlustbringande verksamhet får fortsätta innan verksamheten måste upphöra genom likvidation. På så sätt skyddas bolagsborgenärerna mot att bolagets hela kapital konsumeras innan avveckling av bolaget inleds. Som ett påProvisions regarding involuntary liquidation of companies, due to capital deficiency, have been enforced under Swedish regulation for a long period of time. The overall purpose of the regulation is to set a limit on the time period an unprofitable company may continue to trade before its operations must cease through liquidation. Thus, protecting the creditors of the company from a situation where
När föräldrar väljer att separera från varandra aktualiseras många rättsliga frågor som berör barnet. Föräldrar kan befinna sig i en konfliktfylld situation. Ibland kan konflikten mellan föräldrarna vara så djup att de inte kan komma överens om vem som ska ha vårdnaden om barnen, var barnen ska bo eller hur umgänget med en av föräldrarna ska se ut. De flesta föräldrar kan komma överens om frågornaWhen parents decide to separate from each other many legal issues concerning their child arises. Parents can find themselves in a very contentious situation. Sometimes the conflict can be so deep that the parents cannot agree on who should have custody of the child, where the child will live or how one parents visitation rights should be formed. Most parents can reach an agreement on their own, bu
Uppsatsen behandlar den rättsliga hanteringen av personlig och sexuell integritet i dagens samhälle. Den utreder även det särskilt skyddsvärda i den sexuella integriteten. Uppsatsen grundar sig i en teori om att sexualbrott är starkt förknippade med kön, makt och sexualitet där offret oftast är en kvinna och gärningsmannen en man. Därför anlägger uppsatsen ett feministiskt perspektiv. Uppsatsen This essay focuses on personal and sexual integrity and how they, as two protective interests, are dealt with in the legislation process and in criminal law in general in today’s society. It especially focuses on the specific characteristics of sexual integrity and sexual crimes. The essay is based on a theory that sexual crimes are strongly connected to gender, power and sexuality where the victi
The thesis examines the commercialization of intimacy, love and relationships on Tinder. The thesis examines young adults' active use of the Tinder application, which offers an easily accessible love market with an abundance of potential partners. Furthermore, the essay focuses on the interviewees' views on lasting and volatile relationships in today's consumer society. The sample exam
Sedan instiftandet av 1974 års lag om anställningsskydd har regleringen av anställningsskyddet varit mycket omdebatterat, inte minst i dagens debatt. LAS upprättades efter en arbetsmarknad för närmare 50 år sedan, vilket under lång tid har skapat problem på dagens arbetsmarknad. Parterna och politikerna är eniga om att förändringar måste ske, men skiljaktigheter råder kring hur. Högaktuella frågorSince the enactment of the 1974 Employment Protection Law (LAS), its regulations have been much debated, not least in today's debate. LAS was designed for a labour market just over 40 years ago, which for a long time has created problems in today's labour market. The labour market parties and politicians agree that changes must take place, albeit with differences about what they need to be
Uppsatsens syfte är att analysera och problematisera bushdoktrinen i förhållande till gällande rätt på självförsvarsrättens område. Rätten till självförsvar är en undantagsregel till våldsförbudet i art. 2.4 FN-stadgan vilken tillerkänns suveräna stater enligt art. 51 FN-stadgan samt internationell sedvanerätt. Det traditionella självförsvaret, såväl som den internationella sedvanerättens rätt tiThe purpose of the thesis is to analyze and problematize the Bush doctrine in regard to established international law on self-defence. The right to self-defence is an exception to art. 2.4 in the UN Charter, the prohibition of the use of force, attributed to sovereign states in according to art. 51 UN Charter, as well as customary international law. It requires at least an imminent attack or thre
Tying arrangements have been controversial and regarded with suspicion for a long time both within the EC competition law and within the US antitrust law. Tying is a vertical restraint and can be described as an obligation to accept the purchase of an unwanted or unnecessary product or service in order to be able to purchase a wanted product or service. A tying arrangement presupposes an element o
The European sovereign debt crisis, which emerged in 2009, revealed unsustainable fiscal policies among several countries in the Eurozone periphery (Matthews, 2011). In fact, high debt ratios are a potential problem for a majority of the countries in the euro area, reaching an average ratio of 92.8 percent in 2015 (Eurostat, 2015). Theoretically, common pool problems and moral hazard within a mone
Det finns olika möjligheter för barn att få komma till tals och det är domstolens skyldighet att se till att barnets åsikter kommer fram i målet. Barn kan för det första få komma till tals i en vårdnadsutredning eller innan snabbupplysningar sker av socialnämnden. För det andra kan barnet också komma till tals inför rätten. I praktiken har det funnits brister i hur tillämpningen av rätten att koFamily law disputes concerning the custody, residence and contact of children have increased in recent years. Judgments made by the court in the resolution of disputes have significant short and long term consequences for the children involved. The child is not a party to the proceedings. Instead the child has a right to be heard and a right to have his or her best interests taken as a primary con
Organizations are currently facing an image-centered culture, where people are overwhelmed by pictures. Due to the high level of intensity and constant exposition to such material more and more people are normalizing the images that they are exposed to. Organizations’ communication is then lost inside the background noise, failing to be remembered by their target audience and especially to contrib
Föreliggande uppsats är ett examensarbete i juris kandidatprogrammet. Uppsatsen är skriven inom området familjerätt, mer preciserat inom successionsrätten. Uppsatsen behandlar efterlevande makes arvsrätt genom att gå igenom de regler som finns på området i Sverige, Norge och Danmark. Inom arvsrätten har det länge varit släktskapet som styrt vart arvet efter en avliden skall hamna. I dagens samhäThis thesis is written in the field of family law, more precisely about the law of succession. The thesis describes the spouse’s right to inheritance by comparing the rules in Sweden, Norway and Denmark. In the Swedish law of succession, it has long been the kinship that controlled where the estate of a deceased person should end up. The legislature has to some extent moved away from this. It is
Abstract The breeding season of the natterjack toad (Bufo calamita Laurenti 1768), a „prolonged breeder“, lasts up to three months in southern Sweden. However, not all reproducing individuals are present at the breeding sites during the full time span. Thus, some populations can be sub-divided into temporally isolated subpopulations using earlier or later periods of the season for reproduction. T
One of the most important concepts in condensed matter physics is that of ``quasi particles''. The exciton is one such quasi particle. In semi-conductors, excitons are formed by the excitation of electrons from valence band to conduction band, which creates holes in the valence band. Because of the Coulomb force, the electron and the hole are attracted to each other and can form a ``hydrog
