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Human rights are the basis by which the dignity of the human being is guaranteed. This is especially important in the relationship between persons and governments, who on the one hand have great power in form of legislation over these persons, but on the other hand must ensure the protection of human rights. A problem may arise when these two opposing forces of the State collide,1 as the individua
De humanitära interventionerna i slutet på 90-talet gav upphov till en mängd diskussioner och skapade skiljaktigheter mellan världens nationer. Till följd av detta inrättades The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) som i december 2001 introducerade The Responsibility to Protect (R2P). Förslaget som utarbetades omfattar flera aspekter av staters ansvar att agera vThe humanitarian interventions that occurred in the late 90’s gave rise to a variety of discussions and caused divergence between the world nations. Following this the Canadian government formed The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) which later in December 2001 introduced The Responsibility to Protect (R2P). The presented proposal by the commission comprises se
An article written by the Swedish Government in 2018 outlines that they are working towards a more equal society and describes how they are conducting prevention work regarding men’s violence towards women. Although recently media has portrayed street harassment and catcalling as something that has become an increasing problem for young women in Sweden. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to
I Sverige har samtliga människor en lagstadgad rätt genom 24 kap. 1 § brottsbalken att försvara sin person och egendom vid ett eventuellt angrepp från en annan människa. Förutsatt att den angripne, med hänsyn till angreppets beskaffenhet, det angripnas betydelse och omständigheterna i övrigt, försvarat sig med våld som inte varit uppenbart oförsvarligt, har denna agerat inom ramarna för gällande rIn Sweden, all people have a statutory right to defend its person and property from an eventual attack by another human being. The person being attacked will avoid criminal liability if the measures taken to defend himself are not to be considered manifestly indefensible. In this assessment, the court shall take into account the nature of the attack, the significance of what has been attacked and
The hub and main characteristic of Islamic banking is the prohibition of interest (riba), and this is the most significant difference between an Islamic bank and a conventional bank. The proscription has evolved from the stance that making money from money is unacceptable. Riba is often referred to as interest and usury, but it has often been disputed whether the expression involves both terms. Ne
Skogsskador och skogsdöd är ett växande problem i Europa. "Svarta Triangeln", som ligger i bergsområdet där Tysklands, Tjeckiens och Polens gränser möts, är en av de värst drabbade områdena. I dagsläget saknas kunskap för att kunna förklara skogsskadorna helt och hållet, men markförsurningen i området, som orsakas främst av förbränning av svavelrikt kol i de många kolkraftverken, är trolForest decline is an increasing problem in Europe. "The Black Triangle" area, situated in the mountainous region where the borders of Germany, the Czech Republic and Poland meet, is one of the worst damaged areas. The reasons for the forest dieback are not fully understood, but the soil acidification caused by the burning of sulphur rich coal in the region is considered a major cause. To
Ungdomsbrottslighet är ett sedan länge aktuellt och omdiskuterat ämne. Straffreduktionen för unga lagöverträdare, speciellt i åldern 18–20 år, har längre kritiserats för att vara alltför tam och inte ta offrens behov av upprättelse i tillräckligt stor åtanke samt att strida mot det allmänna rättsmedvetandet. Den massmediala bilden är att ungdomsbrottsligheten ökar och blir allt grövre, där nätverkJuvenile delinquency is a long-standing and much debated topic. The sentence reduction for juvenile offenders, especially regarding the ages of 18-20, have long been criticized for being too tame and not taking the victim’s need for redress into account to a sufficient extent and contravene the general sense of justice. The image portrayed by the mass media is that juvenile delinquency increases a
“ We are both created and create.Why cannot our own creations also create?” Så lät uttalandet från den australienska domaren i det patenträttsliga fallet DABUS. AI är ett väldiskuterat samhällsområde där utvecklingen går så snabbt att det är svårt för lagstiftningen att hinna med. Uppfinnarbegreppet i patenträtten baserar sig på att det är en fysisk person som är uppfinnare. Det är lagstiftat i en“We are both created and create. Why cannot our creations also create?” That was the statement of the Australian judge in the DABUS patent case. AI is a rapidly developing and often discussed aspect of society where its accelerated development makes it difficult for legislation to advance at the same rate. The concept of inventor in patent law is based on the fact that it is a natural person who i
Skattetilläggsbestämmelserna och skatteflyktslagen utgör var för sig till viss del kontroversiella metoder för att skydda den svenska skattebasen. Skatteflyktslagen infördes till att börja med som medel för att åstadkomma en jämlik och korrekt beskattning i fall då de skattskyldige på ett lagenligt vis kringgått skattebestämmelser. Som tiden gått har skatteflyktslagen fått ett utvidgat tillämpningThe regulations on tax surcharge and the Tax Evasion Act are both considered to be controversial ways of protecting the Swedish tax base. The Tax Evasion Act was passed in order to achieve an equal and correct taxation even though the taxpayer in a legal way has evaded tax. Over the years the scoop of application of the Tax Evasion Act has increased and with the ruling in the case RÅ 2010 ref. 51
In this presentation we focus on men’s violence against the female population both during and in the wake of climate disasters in the Philippines and Vietnam. We examine the legal framework which has been ratified in the two countries to protect individual’s right to live a life without being abused and; how various types of organizations work to prevent and combat specific kinds of violence in th
Political initiatives such as tax deductions for domestic services including nannies have, together with a growing au pair market, paved the way for new possibilities of organizing child care and parenting in Sweden. This affects everyday ‘local care loops’ for the upper-middle-class families purchasing the services, as the logistics of solving the work-family dilemma change with the possibility o
This book casts new light on the application of the principle of proportionality in international law. Proportionality is claimed to play a central role in governing the exercise of public power in international law and has been presented as the ‘ultimate rule of law’. It has also been the subject of fierce criticism: it is argued that it leads to unreflexive and arbitrary application of the law a
Traditionally, the law has been considered as devoid of emotions, however we now view the courtroom as an emotional scene. The emotion norms of the courtroom are thus interesting to explore and, as the courtroom work of defense lawyers has received little sociological attention, this will be the focus of this paper. The aim here is to show which emotions are present in the courtroom and how they a
Free-ranging domestic cats (Felis catus) impact biodiversity through predation, disturbance, competition, disease and hybridisation. Scientific knowledge regarding these impacts has recently increased. This article interprets the European Union (EU) Birds and Habitats Directives (Nature Directives) in light of this knowledge. The outcome indicates that various obligations in the Directives, partic
This chapter analyzes the UNHCR Refugee Zakat Fund and the use of Islamic Social Welfare Instruments as a tool for supporting the refugee issue. Looking at the Refugee Zakat Fund from a legal and practical perspective, the research will try to understand the experience of this international non-Muslim organization in managing religious funds for Muslim refugees. The study will address the followin
This article aims to analyze the problems and possible solutions to the implementation of a basic sanitation infrastructure, especially the solid waste collection in poor class occupations in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The manner in which the urban accesses are structured in the Favela of Heliopolis, with dimensions and configuration insufficient, do not allow access to motorized vehicles, lea
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has reiterated that states have discretion regarding what means to use to fulfil their positive obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights (echr). Given the "wide range of possible measures" that could be taken to ensure compliance with positive rights, these rights have a disjunctive structure since an omission has no definitive counterpar
