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The inherent limitations of a specific pencil beam model have been studied when applied to a cylindrical geometry simulating the neck region. A comparison is made between measured and calculated absorbed dose in a cylindrical phantom. The goal is to quantify the deviations in the absorbed dose level, i.e., the dose per monitor unit, when photons are used for the treatment of head and neck tumours.
Stochastic processes are indispensable tools for development and research in signal and image processing, automatic control, oceanography, structural reliability, environmetrics, climatology, econometrics, and many other areas of science and engineering. Suitable for a one-semester course, Stationary Stochastic Processes for Scientists and Engineers teaches students how to use these processes effi
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) has repeatedly been associated with the development of fibrotic disorders such as pulmonary fibrosis. By blocking the binding of 5-HT to 5-HT2B receptors with receptor antagonists, several pro-fibrotic mechanisms can be inhibited. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is a model used to evaluate pathological mechanisms and pharmacological interventions. Previously we
Soils collected across a long-term liming experiment (pH 4.0-8.3), in which variation in factors other than pH have been minimized, were used to investigate the direct influence of pH on the abundance and composition of the two major soil microbial taxa, fungi and bacteria. We hypothesized that bacterial communities would be more strongly influenced by pH than fungal communities. To determine the
It is important to understand the relative contribution of primary and secondary particles to regional and global aerosol so that models can attribute aerosol radiative forcing to different sources. In large-scale models, there is considerable uncertainty associated with treatments of particle formation (nucleation) in the boundary layer (BL) and in the size distribution of emitted primary particl
Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are important innate pattern recognition receptors and regulators of inflammation or play a role during development. We systematically analysed 41 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 21 NLR genes in a Czech discovery cohort of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) (1237 cases, 787 controls) for their association with CRC risk and survival. Five SNPs were f
It is generally expected that, in environments with pronounced seasonal resource peaks, birds’ reproductive success will be maximised when nestlings’ peak food demand coincides with the timing of high food availability. However in certain birds that stay resident over winter, earlier breeding leads juveniles to join the winter flock earlier, which by the prior residence effect increases their succ
Background and Purpose – In the last two decades, enterprise architecture (EA) has become a common approach for the management of information systems in organizations. However, the academic development of the field has not paralleled this turn of events. There is considerable divergence among researchers as to the very definition of EA. The present project seeks to clarify the concepts of EA, draw
Syftet med den här uppsatsen är dels att belysa kriminaliseringen av tidelag i Sverige ur ett rättshistoriskt perspektiv, dels att med ett kritiskt perspektiv granska de motiv som ligger bakom det förbud mot sexuella handlingar med djur som trädde i kraft i april 2014. Motiven till och samhällssituationen vid tidigare lagstiftning jämförs med motiven till nykriminaliseringen för att se hur rättsutThe purpose of this essay is to show how the Swedish legal system has dealt with bestiality. This is done by using a legal historical perspective. Also, the essay studies the motives behind the criminalization of sexual acts with animals that entered into force in April 2014. The motives behind earlier legislation as well as the society at that time are compared to the motives of the new criminali
As the most figurative asset of membership in a majority or minority and the most symbolic aspect of national authority, language is a major site of struggle for majority power and minority resistance. For the purposes of this study, which focuses on the question of Kurdish linguistic rights in Turkey, the sites of struggle for majority power and minority resistance are as follows: the documents o
Pheromone-based behaviours are crucial in animals from insects to mammals, and reproductive isolation is often based on pheromone differences. However, the genetic mechanisms by which pheromone signals change during the evolution of new species are largely unknown. In the sexual communication system of moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera), females emit a species-specific pheromone blend that attracts male
BackgroundOak moss absolute, an extract from the lichen Evernia prunastri, is a valued perfume ingredient but contains extreme allergens. ObjectivesTo compare the elicitation properties of two preparations of oak moss absolute: classic oak moss', the historically used preparation, and new oak moss', with reduced contents of the major allergens atranol and chloroatranol. Patients/materials/methodsT
A system with property-close source-separation of thirteen different solid household waste fractions in a residential area in southern Sweden, including the implementation of new systems for source-separation of food waste, waste electric and electronic equipment, hazardous waste and fat, oils and grease was monitored over a 2-year period. Continuous weighing of disposed waste and repeated waste c
The most critical safety barrier in a nuclear power plant, the concrete containment, is prestressed by hundreds of tendons, both horizontally and vertically. The main purpose of the containment is to prevent radioactive discharge to the environment in the case of a serious internal accident. Due to creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of the prestressing steel, tendon forces decrease wit
The aim was to explore the utility for staging and prognostic impact of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), guanylyl cyclase C (GCC), CUB (complement protein subcomponents C1r/C1s, urchin embryonic growth factor, and bone morphogenic protein 1) containing domain protein 1 (CDCP1) and mucin 2 (MUC2) mRNA levels in mesenteric lymph nodes of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Lymph
Title: Core values and brand promises – A mixed quantitative and qualitative study of core values, brand promises and their interdependence among 104 Fortune 500 companies. Date of the seminar: May 31, 2011 Course: BUSM08 Degree Project in International Marketing and Brand Management Authors: Per Andersson and Ola Johansson Supervisor: Associate Professor Mats Urde, PhD; Docent Keywords: Core valu
In today’s society more and more work is carried out with the help of dif- ferent computer systems. To benefit from the data, integration between the systems is needed. Saab has developed a solution to the problem, by the name WISE. With a modular design costs can be minimized, because a new integration does not necessarily require new software, but can be achieved with configuration of an existin
Hals- och huvudregionen innehåller många luftkaviteter t.ex. luftstrupe, bihålor och munhåla. Detta arbete undersökte vad som händer i vävnaden kring dessa luftkaviteter när de blir bestrålade med fotoner och hur bra ett dosplaneringssystem för strålbehandling modellerar den absorberade dosen till ett heterogent medium. Dosberäkningarna gjordes med hjälp av ett Monte Carlo-simuleringsprogram somPurpose: To study the build-down and build up of the absorbed dose at the interface between air and tissue in the head and neck region. Monte Carlo simulations are compared to a treatment planning system that is used at the University Hospital in Lund. Materials and methods A virtual phantom was constructed to resemble an air cavity in the head and neck region. The phantom consisted of a water cyl
