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Background: Climate change and increasing threats that come with it fosters a need for changing from fossil sources of energy to renewable ones. Sweden aims to have net zero greenhouse gas emissions by the year of 2045. One of the sectors that need to take part in this shift towards fossil free energy is the transport industry. Electrification of vehicles is an important part of this shift. As a r
Den 8 november 2024 infördes självständigt förverkande i 36 kap. 5 § brottsbalken (1962:700) (BrB) som en del av en större reform av förverkandelagstiftningen. Förverkandeformen har huvudsakligen motiverats med att det behövs effektiva verktyg för att bekämpa den organiserade brottsligheten och neutralisera brottsvinster. Samtidigt rör det sig om ett tvångsingrepp med potentiellt långtgående konseOn 8 November 2024, non-conviction-based confiscation was introduced into Chapter 36, Section 5 of The Swedish Criminal Code (1962:700) as a part of a broader reform of the confiscation legislation. This measure has primarily been justified with regards to the need for more effective tools to combat organised crime and neutralise criminal proceeds. At the same time, it is a coercive measure with p
Det svenska nämndemannasystemet har en nästan tusenårig tradition, men har samtidigt varit ett institut i ständig förändring, vars roll förändrats väsentligt från när det först infördes i Sveriges rättskipning, till dagens moderna system. I början fungerade nämnden endast som en form av bevismedel, men fick sedan en ren domarroll för att senare reduceras till en rådgivande funktion. Efter att nämnThe Swedish lay judge system is a nearly thousand year old tradition, but has during that time been an institution in constant change, whose role has changed significantly from when it was first introduced into Sweden’s administration of justice until today’s modern system. The lay judges were originally used as a means of proof, thereafter functioned as ordinary judges, to later be reduced to adv
The early Phanerozoic has long been thought to have witnessed a decline in the ocean dissolved silicon inventory, but direct, quantitative investigations of dissolved silicon concentrations are missing. Silicon isotope fractionation by modern siliceous sponges is known to be related to ambient seawater silicon concentrations, opening a potential window onto reconstructions of silicon concentration
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A new concept to increase return to work for patients listed as sick with chronic musculoskeletal pain has been used at a rehabilitation centre in Luleå, Sweden. The programme includes work for three days a week and intensive rehabilitation for two days a week, for 12 weeks, as a combination of 'on the job' training and rehabilitation after a period off work sick. The rehab
The aerodynamics and kinematics behind the flight of animals are relatively unknown. Although animal flight has been studied for several hundreds of years, it is only in recent time that we have the technical abilities to study the mechanistic basis of animal flight. This thesis represents an attempt to widen the knowledge about animal flight by studying one of the most advanced flyers of the natu
Bats are mammals of chief conservation concern and also represent potentially powerful bio-indicators. Surveying bats is thus an important task but the approaches adopted may either be too invasive (capture) or prone to identification errors (acoustic methods). We here report on the use of a photographic trap to survey bat species richness we tested at two drinking sites in central Italy. The spec
Sialic acids comprise a varied group of nine-carbon amino sugars that are widely distributed among mammals and higher metazoans. Some human commensals and bacterial pathogens can scavenge sialic acids from their environment and degrade them for use as a carbon and nitrogen source. The enzyme N-acetylmannosamine kinase (NanK; EC 2.7.1.60) belongs to the transcriptional repressors, uncharacterized o
Many pathogenic bacteria utilise sialic acids as an energy source or use them as an external coating to evade immune detection. As such, bacteria that colonise sialylated environments deploy specific transporters to mediate import of scavenged sialic acids. Here, we report a substrate-bound 1.95 Å resolution structure and subsequent characterisation of SiaT, a sialic acid transporter from Proteus
This dissertation consists of three empirical essays concerning social norms and their effect on economic outcomes. Each essays discusses a seperate subject. The first paper, Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Gender Norms and Women Executives in the United States studies social norms as a distal cause of differences between genders in corporate executive recruitment strategies. Using census-level panel This dissertation consists of three empirical essays concerning social norms and their effect on economic outcomes. Each essays discusses a seperate subject. The first paper, Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Gender Norms and Women Executives in the United States studies social norms as a distal cause of differences between genders in corporate executive recruitment strategies. Using census-level panel
The adsorption of methanol on Ni3Al(1 1 1) and NiAl(1 1 0) has been studied using high resolution photoemission spectroscopy (HR-PES) and density functional theory (DFT). Both methanol and methoxy are formed on these surfaces after the initial methanol exposure at low temperatures. Heating to 200 K leads to further formation of methoxy. On NiAl(1 1 0) two different methoxy species are observed whe
Heterogeneous rare-gas clusters produced by a coexpansion of an argon/xenon mixture have been studied using synchrotron-radiation-based photoelectron spectroscopy. Both valence and Xe 4d(5/2) core-level photoelectron spectra were recorded for three different concentrations of the primary argon/xenon mixture and, for those mixtures, spectra were recorded at several different stagnation conditions.
The drought of 2003 was exceptionally severe in many regions of Europe, both in duration and in intensity. In some areas, especially in Germany and France, it was the strongest drought for the last 50 years, lasting for more than 6 months. We used continuous carbon and water flux measurements at 12 European monitoring sites covering various forest ecosystem types and a large climatic range in ord
På Siciliens östkust strax söder om Syrakusa, ligger ett långsmalt naturområde som följer kusten längs halvön Maddalenas sydspets ut till udden Capo Murro di Porco. Det är en obebyggd kustremsa sånär som på en fyrbyggnad med två angränsande stenhus. Naturen domineras av det klippiga landskapet och de tre byggnaderna som kommit att smälta in i omgivningen. I detta arbete, som är en fallstudie som Capo Murro di Porco is situated in a narrow natural area that runs along the coast of the peninsula of Maddalena, just south of Syracuse on the east coast of Sicily. It is an area of stunning nature with dramatic topography, steep cliff sides and sparse vegetation. On the very line marking the transition from low vegetation to bare rock on the horn of the peninsula, a lighthouse and two rugged low
This essay aims to discuss the court's legal sanctions for mentally disordered law offenders. The overall purpose of the essay is to analyse whether or not the court's legal sanctions for mentally disordered law offenders can be criticised from a legal security perspective. Firstly, the essay focuses on how the legal sanctions for mentally disordered law offenders are designed and if the g
