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Anthropogenic land-use change (LUC) substantially impacts climate dynamics, primarily through modifications in the surface biogeophysical (BGP) and biogeochemical (BGC) fluxes, which alter the exchange of energy, water, and carbon with the atmosphere. Despite the established significance of both the BGP and BGC effects, their relative contribution to climate change remains poorly quantified. In th
Objectives: To assess amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) MR imaging capabilities in differentiating high-grade glial tumors across alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked (ATRX) expression, tumor-suppressor protein p53 expression (p53), O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter (MGMTp) methylation, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status, and proliferation marker Ki-67 (Ki-67 index)
Background The popularity of tattoos has increased dramatically over the last few decades. Tattoo ink often contains carcinogenic chemicals, e.g., primary aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. The tattooing process invokes an immunologic response that causes translocation of tattoo ink from the injection site. Deposition of tattoo pigment in lymph nodes has been confirmed
INTRODUCTION: There are few recent studies on trends over time in functional outcome and mortality after stroke, with results separately presented for ischaemic stroke (IS) or ICH. We aimed to determine temporal changes in functional outcome and case-fatality 90 days after IS and ICH in Sweden between 2010 and 2019. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included patients (≥18 years) with first-ever IS or ICH r
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is one of the fastest-evolving human pathogens. Understanding HIV-1 transmission, within-host adaptation, and evolutionary dynamics is pivotal for development of interventions and vaccines. HIV-1 infection is generally caused by a single transmitted founder virus (TFV), and TFV sequences are typically obtained using single genome amplificatio
Background: Contemporary epidemiological studies examining incidence rates (IR) of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Swedish populations are scarce. Cirrhosis and HCC are associated with a significant burden of health inequity and stigma. The importance of socioeconomic status (SES) in cirrhosis survival has scarcely been studied in Sweden. The impact of SES on HCC incidence and prog
Background: Accurate referral of boys with suspected undescended testes (UDT) is of importance to preserve fertility and reduce risk of future testicular cancer. While late referral is well studied, there is less knowledge about incorrect referrals, hence, referral of boys with normal testes. Objective: To evaluate the proportion of UDT referrals that did not lead to surgery or follow-up, and to a
Purpose: Real-time dynamic multileaf collimator (MLC) tracking for management of intrafraction tumor motion can be challenging for highly modulated beams, as the leaves need to travel far to adjust for target motion perpendicular to the leaf travel direction. The plan modulation can be reduced by using a leaf position constraint (LPC) that reduces the difference in the position of adjacent MLC lea
BACKGROUND: The OVHIPEC-1 trial previously showed that the addition of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) to interval cytoreductive surgery resulted in improved progression-free and overall survival compared with cytoreductive surgery alone at 4·7 years of follow-up in patients with stage III epithelial ovarian cancer who were ineligible for primary cytoreduction. We report the fina
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease is essential to develop preventive treatment strategies. Detectible change in brain volume emerges relatively late in the pathogenic progression of disease, but microstructural changes caused by early neuropathology may cause subtle changes in the MR signal, quantifiable using texture analysis. Texture analysis quantifies spatial patterns in an image, such as
In many high-income countries, severe perinatal trauma (SPT), affecting the anal sphincter muscle complex, has been on the rise over the last decade. However, effective strategies to prevent SPT are scarce. In randomized controlled trials, only perineal warm compresses and massage have shown benefit. Other cohort studies have shown that prevention models involving several components can decrease t
Background: Patients with oesophageal and gastric cancer face a poor prognosis and multiple symptoms and problems that negatively affect their quality of life. In view of the prognosis and extensive illness burden, an early palliative care approach is of importance.Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to describe and compare symptoms, problems and care needs in relation to the initial treatment
How will baby fish react to global warming? As most people have been aware of, global warming is just one of many consequences of climate change and increasing CO2-levels in the atmosphere. The oceans are experts at absorbing energy, which makes the ocean temperature rise. In many parts of the world, especially Australia, the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are increasing rapidly today. This is e
The aim of this project was to examine if it is feasible to develop and apply a reuse concept regarding clean in place (CIP) processes. The concept is based on different topics such as lim-itation, structure, future and reliability. Three CIP processes were chosen to represent the wide variety of cleaning processes available to the food and pharmaceutical industries, Single use Food, Recovery Food
To comply with the Paris Agreement and to deal with the threat caused by climate change, the Swedish Parliament has set ambitious targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions. For the transport sector, which accounts for 30 % of total GHG emissions, a milestone target is to reduce GHG emission by 70 % by 2030 compared to 2010 (2030 goal). Biofuels is in this respect considered decisive to reach the
We live in a busy world, where the demand of ready-to-eat (RTE) salad products has increased rapidly in a relatively short time. Despite of being an easy and fast way to add more vegetables to the daily diet, RTE salads have a serious underlying risk and the amount of vegetable-derived foodborne disease outbreaks has been increasing. The aim of the present study is to protect plants against contam
Skogsbränder - en biologisk gåva eller ett ekonomiskt nederlag? I samband med ett allt varmare klimat, inte minst på de nordliga delarna av jordklotet, ökar även antalet stora skogsbränder i våra svenska skogar. Detta är förödande, inte minst för de skogstokiga svenska folket, utan också för de många skogsägarna och den svenska ekonomin i helhet. På många sätt kan däremot skogsbränderna också sesWith an increasing global temperature, at rates twice as fast as the global average in the northern boreal forests, an increasing wildfire frequency is to be expected. Previous studies have shown that forest areas in Eurasia with high risk of wildfires today are expected to more than double in size in the following 30 years. This will have a great impact on the fire regime, biodiversity, economic
When humans are involved, things can go wrong. This is a statement as factually true and yet dramatically undefined and dangerously ambiguous as any. No matter the industry or domain, where humans interact with other humans, perfect predictability is impossible and a focus on negative outcomes can seem natural. When outcomes are anything less than ideal and when these events and outcomes are made
Av de 70 000 personerna som blev diagnoserade med cancer i Sverige 2021, fick runt 4000 lungcancer. Lungcancer är vanligen elakartade celler som utgår från lungans slemhinna. Behandling innefattar oftast operation eller strålterapi, ibland i kombination med cellgifter eller immunterapi. Inför strålbehandling gör patienten en röntgenundersökning som ger bilder i tre dimensioner, en så kallad datorPurpose: The purpose of this master thesis was to retrospectively investigate correlation between surface and tumour motion in lung cancer patients, alongside deep learning applications of the results. Additional correlations such as age, tumour volume and anatomical placement of the tumour were also investigated. Materials and Methods: 48 lung cancer patients treated with Stereotactic Body Radia
Miljömässiga vinster genom konstruktions- & materialtekniska lösningar -betong Byggindustrin står idag för 20 % av Sveriges inhemska utsläpp av växthusgaser. För konstruktörer och andra aktörer i branschen finns det idag få incitament att försöka minska användningen av cement, vars produktion är en av de största källorna till utsläpp från byggsektorn. Detta examensarbete undersöker några olikThe greenhouse effect and the emission of greenhouse gases, namely carbon dioxide, is a global issue which today permeates alot of the societal consciousness and therefore also alot of the conducted research. The construction industry is not different in this regard. The construction sector in Sweden, for example, generates more than 12 million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents every yea
