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Global gene expression analysis has been a major tool for urothelial carcinoma subtype discovery. This approach has revealed extensive complexity both in intrinsic features of the tumor cells and in the microenvironment. However, global gene expression cannot distinguish between gene expression signals originating from the tumor cells proper and from normal cells in the biopsy. Here, we use a larg
If we do not consider religious rituals as given to us from the gods, but designed by humans at certain times and in certain contexts we might also track the art of designing and performing the human practice of rituals. Even if we agree that all rituals are taught and learned, they are not meant to be perceived as products of human imagination. The concept “ritual invention” could thus be seen as
At the University Hospital in Lund, Sweden, a preparation program was developed for children undergoing lumbar punctures (LPs) during chemotherapy for leukemia or lymphoma. Subsequently, a study was initiated to determine whether a preparation program for children prior (o treatment would reduce their anxiety and improve their cooperation. This study also was undertaken to examine whether reinforcAt the University Hospital in Lund, Sweden, a preparation program was developed for children undergoing lumbar punctures (LPs) during chemotherapy for leukemia or lymphoma. Subsequently, a study was initiated to determine whether a preparation program for children prior to treatment would reduce their anxiety and improve their cooperation. This study also was undertaken to examine whether reinforc
Background: Few tools evaluates quality of movements in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The Test for Substitution Patterns (TSP) is developed to measure the ability to perform five functional movements regarding postural control and altered movement patterns (1). TSP is validated and reliable in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament injury, but has not yet been evaluated in indivi
Algorithms for secure encryption in a post-quantum world are currently receiving a lot of attention in the research community, including several larger projects and a standardization effort from NIST. One of the most promising algorithms is the code-based scheme called QC-MDPC, which has excellent performance and a small public key size. In this work we present a very efficient key recovery attack
Objective: To determine the true incidence of complete uterine rupture and uterine dehiscence among women delivered by cesarean section after a previous cesarean section. Methods: Medical records of all women who delivered at University Hospital in Malmö, Sweden, during 2005–2009 (n = 21 420) were retrieved from the electronic patient record system (EPRS). After adjustment for inaccuracies, 716 wo
This study addresses gender assignment in six North Scandinavian varieties with a three-gender system: Old Norse, Norwegian (Nynorsk), Old Swedish, Nysvenska, Jamtlandic, and Elfdalian. Focusing on gender variation and change, we investigate the role of various factors in gender change. Using the contemporary Swedish varieties Jamtlandic and Elfdalian as a basis, we compare gender assignment in ot
The MAX IV facility in Lund, Sweden consists of two storage rings for production of synchrotron radiation. The smaller 1.5 GeV ring is presently under construction, while the larger 3 GeV ring is being commissioned. Both rings will be operating with top-up injections from a full-energy injector. During injection, the electron beam is first delivered to the main injector from a thermionic pre-injec
The contribution of this licentiate thesis lies in the modelling of a multi-echelon inventory system with more general backorder cost structures. Backorder costs are traditionally assumed to be linear, whereas we consider structures that are more general functions of the customers’ time in backorder. The system studied is a two-echelon system with one central warehouse and a number of local sites,The contribution of this licentiate thesis lies in the modelling of a multi-echelon inventory system with more general backorder cost structures. Backorder costs are traditionally assumed to be linear, whereas we consider structures that are more general functions of the customers’ time in backorder. The system studied is a two-echelon system with one central warehouse and a number of local sites,
Fires in the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) areas is a worldwide problem, which is gaining more importance over time due to climate change and constructions in the WUI areas. Standards and guidelines may greatly help the activities of planning, prevention and protection against wildfires. Some countries/States/local communities can already rely on existing standards and guidelines, while other are
This collection gathers the more important instruments dealing with the relationships of business with a range of topics such as labor rights, security issues, environmental protection, anti-corruption, good governance, poverty alleviation and development, which all have important human rights dimensions. The premise for this selection is that business has both responsibilities and opportunities t
Inspire (2007/2/EG) is a directive initiated by the European Union with the purpose to improve the infrastructure for spatial information. This is thought to contribute to an easier and more convenient way of exchanging the information within the union. The countries of EU have all started their work to include Inspire's guidelines in their legal systems and in the work of their authorities an
Ett av sexualbrottslagstiftningens huvudsyften är att skydda barn och ungdomar mot sexuella övergrepp. Mot bakgrund av barns särskilda skyddsbehov har därför bestämmelser till skydd för barn under 15 år och mellan 15 och 18 år införts i brottsbalkens sjätte kapitel. Vad särskilt gäller i fråga om åldersrekvisiten föreskrivs genom bestämmelsen i 6 kap. 13 § BrB att till ansvar ska dömas även den soOne of the main objectives of the sexual offences legislation is to protect children from sexual abuse. In the light of children’s greater need for protection, special provisions concerning sexual offences against children have been incorporated into chapter 6 of the Swedish Penal Code. Regarding the prerequisites of age, the provision in chapter 6 paragraph 13 states that a person may face crimin
During the last 30 years the form for political participation in Sweden has changed from a corporatistic system to a pluralistic system of lobbying. This change has led to a number of democratic consequences, such as the unbalanced potential for using lobbyism between the labourmarket parties, the well-reasourced and less well-resourced as well as untransparent way of how lobbying is done. During
Inom svensk straffrätt är uppsåt det huvudsakliga skuldkravet för straffrättsligt ansvar. Oaktsamhetsansvar är ett outtalat undantag som fångar upp handlingar vilka, trots att de inte genomförts med flit, anses så klandervärda att de motiverar ett straff. I takt med att samhällsvärderingar utvecklas uppkommer frågan vilka skyddsintressen som värderas tillräckligt högt för att skyddas med alla medeIn Swedish criminal law intent is seen as the main culpability form and negligence is punishable only if it is specifically stated. Regarding some crimes this construction is a problem since the law give room for blameworthy but not criminalized actions. The crime rape is regulated in 6 chapter 1 § in the Swedish Penal Code. To be sentenced for rape with todays legislation, it must have been comm
Uppsatsens övergripande syfte är att utifrån 2014 år sexualbrottskommitténs förslag utreda eventuella konsekvenser av en samtyckesreglering i våldtäktslagstiftningen, ur ett bevisrättsligt perspektiv. En våldtäkt kan se ut på flera sätt, den gemensamma nämnaren är att handlingen anses utgöra en gränslös kränkning av den sexuella integriteten och självbestämmanderätten. Dagens lagstiftning har fåThe main purpose of this essay is to examine, from the Sexual Offences Commissions proposal, the possible consequences of a regulation based on consent and how it will affect assessment of evidence. A rape can occur in a variety of ways, what they have in common is to be considered a boundless violation of a person’s sexual integrity and self-determination. Today’s legislation has received strong
Brottslighet och särskilt organiserad brottslighet, utgör ett problem för samhället i Sverige men också i andra länder. I statsmaktens arbete mot kriminalitet är hindrande av möjligheterna till penningtvätt, ett viktigt inslag. Penningtvättsåtgärder kan nämligen allmänt beskrivas syfta till att dölja eller omsätta vinning av brottslig verksamhet. Studier har visat att omfattande summor pengar frånCrime and in particular organized crime, is a problem for the society in Sweden but also in other countries. Obstruction of opportunities for money laundering is an important element to the authorities in their struggle against crime. Money laundering can generally be described as seeking to conceal or convert the proceeds of criminal activity. Studies have shown that substantial amounts of money
Planets that orbit their host star closely experience tidal forces due to the strength of gravity not being uniform all over the planet. This leads to effects such as tidal spin synchronization, tidal eccentricity damping and tidal semi-major axis damping. This project aims to study how the time scales for these phenomena are affected by the planetary parameters such as mass, radius and the tidal
The purpose of this project is to explore craftsman- ship, trying to find out how the use of it can become an integrated part of my design process. The initial part of the project is dedicated to research on the top- ic of what craftsmanship is. The research is conducted through literature review, study visits and market research. The project has an exploratory phase whereby I make experiment
Barn som upplever våld i hemmet har innan 2021 inte haft ett straffrättsligt skydd i svensk lag. Det finns studier som visar att var tionde barn i Sverige någon gång har upplevt våld mellan närstående. Situationen där vuxna utövar våld i vad som ska vara barnets tryggaste zon, kan ge förödande konsekvenser, både fysiskt som psykiskt. Den 14 juni 2018 beslutade regeringen att tillsätta en särskildBefore 2021, children who experience violence in their homes have not had criminal protection in Swedish law. There are studies that show that every tenth child in Sweden has ever experienced violence between relatives. The situation where adults use violence, in what should be the child's safest zone, can have devastating consequences, both physically and mentally. On 14 June 2018, the govern
