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The emittances of the electron beams at the MAX-laboratory accelerator system have been studied. Apart from the build-up of the diagnostic tools for precise determination of the beam spatial profiles, the objectives have been: a) to verify the accelerator design emittances at low currents and to try to determine the emittances also at high currents; b) to investigate possibilities to manipulate th
Aggrecan (ACAN) is localized in the intervertebral disc (IVD) in unique compartment-specific patterns where it contributes to the tissue structure and mechanical function together with collagens. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the IVD undergoes degenerative changes during aging, misuse or trauma, which inevitably alter the biochemical and biomechanical properties of the tissue. A deeper underst
The Amazon rainforest is highly biodiverse and has the largest extent of the remaining intact tropical forests in the world. To this day, undisturbed tropical forests act as a carbon sink by taking up about 15% of anthropogenic carbon emissions per year. However, in the past decades, a declining trend in the carbon sink capacity in the Amazon rainforest has been observed due to increased carbon lo
Bird embryos develop inside eggs, which contain maternal substances that can shape offspring phenotype and fitness. Yolk fatty acids are a key energy source for the developing embryo, with omega-6 (ω-6) and omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) obtained exclusively from the diet. Therefore, food availability during the breeding season is expected to influence yolk fatty acid compositio
I denna avhandling beskrivs processesen att implementera och optimisera metoder inom kvantitativ magnetresonansomografi (MRT) på en fältstyrka av 7 T. Metoderna är baserade på gradientekon med påtvingad transversell urfasning (spoiling) och applicerade på den mänskliga hjärnan i syfte att avbilda i huvudsak tre olika MR-parametrar: Den longitudinella relaxationstiden (T1), magnetization transfer Quantitative MRI (qMRI) refers to the process of deriving maps of MR contrast parameters, such as relaxation times, from conventional images. If the qMRI maps have a high degree of precision and a low degree of bias, they can be compared longitudinally, across subjects, and (ideally) between measurement protocols and research sites. They also provide a more direct biophysical interpretation of the
Background: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It was the primary aim of this study to determine different measures of cardiac, carotid, lipid, and apolipoprotein status in young adult CCS and in healthy controls. Methods: Cardiac and common carotid artery (CCA) structure and function were measured by ultrasonography. Lipids and apolipoprot
The shortfalls in the quality, quantity, and reliability of agriculture performance data are neither new nor confined to Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It is, however, a more dire challenge given the overwhelming importance of agriculture in the economies of most countries in the region in terms of food security and poverty reduction. While farmers’ self-reported (SR) data on crop outputs and farm size
Purpose: Although past studies have found well-constrained soil carbon (C)/nutrient ratios, the effects of increased nitrogen (N) and water inputs on these ratios across soil depths have rarely been assessed in semi-arid grasslands. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the contents of total C, N, phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and their stoichiometric ratios in a 0–80 cm soil profile following 13 yea
Den här avhandlingen undersöker staters interaktion som en social läroprocess, i syfte att förstå hur stater lär sig om miljönormer. Detta sker genom en konstruktivistisk ansats och mer specifikt ett roll-teoretiskt perspektiv, där en roll förstås som statens repertoar av beteende, jämsides dess funktion i en social interaktionskontext. Rollen formas av ego- och alterförväntningar, det vill säga bThis study investigates state interaction as a social learning process, where the ultimate aim is to enhance an understanding on how states learn of environmental norms. An entry into the domain on such learning processes is offered through a Constructivist approach and more specifically through the employment of a role theoretical perspective; a role here is signified as a state's repertory of be
Increased awareness, interest and use of assistive technology (AT) presents substantial opportunities for many citizens to become, or continue being, meaningful participants in society. However, there is a significant shortfall between the need for and provision of AT, and this is patterned by a range of social, demographic and structural factors. To seize the opportunity that assistive technology
Context. TOI-1055 is a Sun-like star known to host a transiting Neptune-sized planet on a 17.5-day orbit (TOI-1055 b). Radial velocity (RV) analyses carried out by two independent groups using nearly the same set of HARPS spectra have provided measurements of planetary masses that differ by ∼2σ. Aims. Our aim in this work is to solve the inconsistency in the published planetary masses by significa
Asymmetry. What is in the word? One kind of asymmetry is asymmetrical coaction, that is, when actors relate in different ways to one another and/or partake differently in an action done together. Coaction requires that the actors acting together, during the process, reach an enlarged mentality (Arendt, Lectures on Kant’s Political Philosophy), either through putting themselves in the position of o
CONTEXT: Oral once-daily dual-release hydrocortisone (DR-HC) replacement therapy has demonstrated an improved metabolic profile compared to conventional 3-times-daily (TID-HC) therapy among patients with primary adrenal insufficiency. This effect might be related to a more physiological cortisol profile, but also to a modified pattern of cortisol metabolism. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to study cor
The Soma and Neurite Density Imaging (SANDI) three-compartment model was recently proposed to disentangle cylindrical and spherical geometries, attributed to neurite and soma compartments, respectively, in brain tissue. There are some recent advances in diffusion-weighted MRI signal encoding and analysis (including the use of multiple so-called ’b-tensor’ encodings and analysing the signal in the
What does a sustainability project look like in the 21st century? Not the glossy version, but the naked truth? Tired of manicured, over-theorised accounts of the ‘musts’ and ‘shoulds’ of sustainability transitions, we got to the bottom of things; actually, to the very bottom of the project hierarchy: the individual. Our point of departure is that projects are nothing but temporarily interconnected
The European Union is facing several challenges of constitutional, democratic, political and social nature. One of these challenges is the EU’s ‘social deficit’. The European Commission has listened to the critique and committed itself to reorient the European integration project towards a ‘Social Europe’. The addition of social provisions to primary law through the Treaty of Lisbon, a promised re
Allt eftersom vår förståelse om vår egen miljöpåverkan förändras, så förändras också begräns- ningsstrategierna vi använder för att förhindra och motverka dem. En viktig källa till antropo- gena utsläpp är avloppsvatten eftersom det innehåller patogener, näringsämnen, och mikroför- oreningar. Ett skifte mot källsorterat avloppsvatten under de senaste åren har öppnat dörren för att anpassa och fokuAs our understanding of the impact humans have on the environment changes, so too do the mitigation strategies we employ to prevent it. One major source of anthropogenic pollution is wastewater effluent. A shift towards source separation of wastewater into different streams in recent years has opened a door to tailor treatment to specific types of water. The largest propor- tion of domestic wastew
Unga lagöverträdare har sedan länge särbehandlats inom svensk straffrätt. Grunden för särbehandlingen bygger på unga lagöverträdares mognad, sanktionskänslighet och tolerans från samhället. Särbehandlingen är som mest omfattande för personer under 15 år och sträcker sig upp till 20 år. Under senare år har särbehandlingen av unga lagöverträdare varit under politisk diskussion och 2021 beslutade lYoung offenders have been treated different from other offenders within the Swedish criminal law system since decades ago. This is because of young offender’s maturity, sensitivity against sanctions and tolerance from society. The difference in treatment is most noticeable for individuals under the age of 15 but can as well be seen up to the age of 20. The special treatment of young offenders has
Bitcoin mining is an industry which for many years has been criticized for its electricity consumption, which globally today equals roughly that of small countries such as Sweden, and its subsequent contribution to climate change. However, electricity consumption does not by default equals greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and not many studies have been done on the subject with a focus on Sweden, he
Under de senaste åren har efterfrågan på textilier ökat och andelen textilavfall som återvinns är i dagsläget liten vilket har lett till en ökad miljöpåverkan. Det finns därmed ett behov av nya återvinningsprocesser för textilier, där en möjlighet är att de-polymerisera cellulosa-baserade textilier till glukos genom en alkalisk förbehandling, följt av enzymatisk hydrolys. Att integrera textilåtervOver the past years there has been an increased environmental impact due to an increased textile demand. Only a small fraction of waste textiles is recycled today which indicates a requirement for new textile-recycling processes, where one possibility would be to depolymerize cellulose-based textiles into glucose, with an alkaline pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Due to a high energy
