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pTropospheric ozone concentrations are sensitive to natural emissions of precursor compounds. In contrast to existing assumptions, recent evidence indicates that terrestrial vegetation emissions in the pre-industrial era were larger than in the present day. We use a chemical transport model and a radiative transfer model to show that revised inventories of pre-industrial fire and biogenic emission
Debates around “Loss and Damage” (L&D) from anthropogenic climate change have expanded rapidly since the adoption of the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) in 2013. Despite the urgent need for scientific best practice to inform policies to avoid, minimize and address L&D, the nascent research field faces internal disagreements and lacks a coherent conceptual framing, which hinder scienti
This study investigates values and narratives of urban biodiversity in the highly culturally and biologically diverse city Cape Town, South Africa. Local expressions of values of biodiversity are explored, in the context of the challenge of accounting for diverse values of biodiversity through a green infrastructure approach. Based on interviews with practitioners involved in green space and biodi
In this paper we call into question the relationship between development, inequality and territory in the current context of globalization and within the framework of public policies designed, supposedly, to benefit those social actors with fewer resources. In order to do this, we focus on a case study in the northeast of the province of Misiones, Argentina. Here tobacco production, forestry and a
Terpene emissions from the top-canopy layer (at 20 m) of one 118-year-old Norway spruce tree were measured between June and September 2013 using a branch chamber. Total terpene emissions varied from 0.05 to 332.5 μg gdw -1 h-1 with a peak in August. Monoterpenes dominated throughout the summer and on average accounted for 65% of the total terpene mass, followed by sesquiterpenes (29%) and isoprene
BACKGROUND:: Trends in biologic fertility are elusive. Possible negative trends in male reproductive health are still debated, and their effect on human fertility might be negligible. Time-to-pregnancy (TTP) is a functional measure of couple fecundability. METHODS:: We analyzed data on TTP among 832,000 primiparous women 20 years of age and older in the nationwide Swedish Medical Birth Registry fr
Textile handicrafts are often seen as an important tool for women to handle times of crisis and societal change. This chapter explores and discusses the Swedish humanitarian organisation Individuell Människohjälp (Swedish Development Partner), IM, and its strategies of developing local traditions of textile handicraft work as help to self-help in the small mountain village of Vlasti in Northern Gr
The presence of lipids after pea protein isolation was related to changes in protein structure and functionality. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the presence of lipids, specifically polar endogenous lipids (phospholipids), on pea globulins' (including legumin and vicilin) structure and functionality. Pea globulins were extracted by isoelectric precipitation from defatted an
The current way of consumption and production is unsustainable in that society is exceeding the earth’s planetary boundaries and creating long-term and irreversible effects on an environmental, social, and economic level. There is a recognized need on all system levels to change the way that we operate. Industry is a key area that requires this attention, as it is largely responsible for the impac
Aim of this contribution is to demonstrate how digital methods, in combination with traditional sources, can effectively contribute to reconstruct a narrative of the past based on a sensory account of a few coastal landscapes in Northwestern Etruria as they were perceived and described by ancient authors. A few passages by Strabo (Geogr. 5.2.5, 222C, Augustan period) and Rutilius Namatianus (de re
Variations in solar activity have been proposed to play an important role in recent and past climate change. To study this link on longer timescales, it is essential to know how the Sun has varied over the past millennia. Direct observations of solar variability based on sunspot numbers are limited to the past 400 years, and beyond this we rely on records of cosmogenic radionuclides, such as 14C a
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) possess a conserved mobile catalytic loop, the WPD-loop, which brings an aspartic acid into the active site where it acts as an acid/base catalyst. Prior experimental and computational studies, focused on the human enzyme PTP1B and the PTP from Yersinia pestis, YopH, suggested that loop conformational dynamics are important in regulating both catalysis and evol
Meeting the Paris Agreement’s temperature goals requires limiting future carbon emissions, yet current policies make temporarily overshooting the 1.5°C target likely. The potential climate feedback from destabilizing peatlands, storing large amounts of carbon, remains poorly quantified. Using the reduced-complexity Earth System Model OSCAR with an integrated peat carbon module, we found that acros
Out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures for childbirth in Bangladesh have increased substantially, intensifying financial pressure on lower-income households. While wealthier groups historically bore higher delivery costs, recent trends indicate a narrowing gap in spending across socioeconomic strata. This study investigates the drivers of this convergence in delivery-related expenditures between 2014 an
Reconstructions and simulations disagree on whether the Holocene exhibited a long-term cooling or warming signal. Anthropogenic land-use could be an important forcing regionally, but available population-based estimates differ widely. We examine transient Holocene climate model simulations forced with three population-based disturbed-land reconstructions and compare this with a fourth scenario der
The two phases of El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence both regional and global terrestrial vegetation productivity on inter-annual scales. However, the major drivers for the regional vegetation productivity and their controlling strengths during different phases of ENSO remain unclear. We herein disentangled the impacts of two phases of ENSO on regional carbon cycle using multiple data s
Transitioning to net-zero carbon emissions requires phasing-out unabated coal power; however, recently it has only been declining in some countries, while it stagnated or even increased in others. Where and under what circumstances, has coal capacity reached its peak and begun to decline? We address this question with an empirical analysis of coal capacity in 56 countries, accounting for 99% of co
Optimal stomatal theory predicts that stomata operate to maximise photosynthesis (Anet) and minimise transpirational water loss to achieve optimal intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). We tested whether this theory can predict stomatal responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2), and whether it can capture differences in responsiveness among woody plant functional types (PFTs). We conducted a me
Reclassification of bridges, i.e., a change in load rating, using reliability-based methods and a direct update with proof load information has been presented by many authors. However, bridge reclassification has hardly been studied from a decision analytic perspective, i.e., with quantification of the risks and benefits of different classification choices, and the expected benefit gain from proof
That an additional tariff of 25 percent could go unnoticed in global trade might seem unlikely, but the findings of this study suggest exactly that. Against the backdrop of escalating trade tensions between the EU and the US, this study examines both the immediate and short-term effects of the EU's temporary additional tariff of 25 percent on the import of exercise equipment. By focusing on th
