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The hydrolysis of phosphate esters is crucially important to biological systems, being involved in, among other things, signaling, energy transduction, biosynthesis, and the regulation of protein function. Despite this, there are many questions that remain unanswered in this important field, particularly with regard to the preferred mechanism of hydrolysis of phosphate esters, which can proceed th
Modeling of riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics is of great importance for the global carbon budget. Impoundment interception changes the travel time of water and DOC from upslope contributing areas, exerting substantial influence on riverine DOC dynamics in the catchments with many impoundments. However, the impact of impoundment interception representation on riverine DOC modeling h
The mechanisms of glass transitions and the behavior of small solute molecules in a glassy matrix are some of the most important topics of modern thermodynamics. Water plays an important role in the physical and chemical stability of lyophilized biologics formulations, in which glassy carbohydrates act as cryoprotectants and stabilizers. In this study, sorption calorimetry was used for simultaneou
Numerous reports over the years have described neuroinflammatory events and vascular changes in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Interestingly, recent reports from other research areas suggest that the inflammatory and vascular processes are influenced by gender. These findings are intriguing from the perspective that women show a high
We review the effects of human impact on biodiversity of European forests in the light of recent views on disturbances and succession in ecosystems, and discuss recent ideas on how biodiversity affects ecosystem functions such as productivity and ecosystem stability. With this as a background we discuss how to better manage European forests for both production and biodiversity. We argue that the n
OBJECTIVES: To determine what constitutes normal changes in the uterine cervix visible at transvaginal ultrasound examination from 24 gestational weeks until delivery in nulliparous women delivering at term. DESIGN: Cervical length and width were measured using transvaginal ultrasound, and the inner cervical os was assessed as being closed or open every 2 weeks from gestational week 24 until deliv
We review the history of floristic studies of the parish of Stenbrohult, southern Sweden, where Carl Linnaeus was born in 1707 and spent his summers until 1728. Unfortunately, Carl Linnaeus never made a list of the wild vascular plants at his birthplace, although he mentioned at least 64 species from the parish of Stenbrohult in various manuscripts and books. However, he said that Stenbrohult was
Behavioral research has produced little evidence on sound feature discrimination in neonates. Sensory processes underlying sound perception can be studied using the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of auditory event-related potentials (ERPs), which is not contingent on conscious perception and response. Thus, MMN is suitable for studying newborns, who are difficult to obtain behavioral response
This study aimed to characterize the ST-recovery loop and assess which range of heart rates (HRs) best discriminates between patients with and without significant coronary artery stenosis. Bicycle exercise tests were undertaken in 44 men and IS women with coronary artery disease (CAD) and in 59 controls (26 men, 33 women) in the same age range with no signs of CAD. The ST level and the ST-segment
Monte Carlo simulations of linear polyelectrolytes together with explicit ions have been performed in a spherical cell model to study conformational changes and activity coefficients in relation to the isoionic dilution method used in viscosity measurements. The results show that it is possible to define an effective ionic strength that will keep the average chain conformation constant on isoionic
The accumulation of biofilms in porous media is likely to influence the overall hydraulic properties and, consequently, a sound understanding of the process is required for the proper design and management of many technological applications. In order to bring some light into this phenomenon we present a mechanistic model to study the variably saturated hydraulic properties of bio-amended soils. Sp
The aim of this study was to investigate hydrogen mobility within innate and demineralized human dentine. Dentine sections from extracted human molars, demineralized or not, were analyzed by combining neutron spectroscopy with thermal analysis. For the thermal analysis of the samples, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis, coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectr
Significant climate risks are associated with a positive carbon-temperature feedback in northern latitude carbon-rich ecosystems, making an accurate analysis of human impacts on the net greenhouse gas balance of wetlands a priority. Here, we provide a coherent assessment of the climate footprint of a network of wetland sites based on simultaneous and quasi-continuous ecosystem observations of CO2
Pheromones are central to the mating systems of a wide range of organisms, and reproductive isolation between closely related species is often achieved by subtle differences in pheromone composition. In insects and moths in particular, the use of structurally similar components in different blend ratios is usually sufficient to impede gene flow between taxa. To date, the genetic changes associated
Phenological events - defined points in the life cycle of a plant or animal - have been regarded as highly plastic traits, reflecting flexible responses to various environmental cues. The ability of a species to track, via shifts in phenological events, the abiotic environment through time might dictate its vulnerability to future climate change. Understanding the predictors and drivers of phenolo
Regional climate models (RCMs) primarily represent physical components of the climate system, omitting vegetation dynamics, ecosystem biogeochemistry and their associated feedbacks. To account for such feedbacks, we implemented a novel plant individual-based vegetation dynamics-ecosystem biogeochemistry scheme within the RCA3 RCM. Variations in leaf area index (LAI) of seven plant functional type
Continued warming of the Arctic will likely accelerate terrestrial carbon (C) cycling by increasing both uptake and release of C. Yet, there are still large uncertainties in modelling Arctic terrestrial ecosystems as a source or sink of C. Most modelling studies assessing or projecting the future fate of C exchange with the atmosphere are based on either stand-alone process-based models or coupled
Purpose: This study explores the implications for cancer induction of treatment details such as fractionation, planning target volume (PTV) definition, and interpatient variations, which are relevant for the radiation treatment of prostate carcinomas. Methods and Materials: Treatment planning data from 100 patients have been analyzed with a risk model based on the United Nations Scientific Committ
The ongoing climate change can modulate the behavior of global vegetation and influence the terrestrial biosphere carbon sink. Past observation-based studies have mainly focused on the linear trend or interannual variability of the vegetation greenness, but could not explicitly deal with the effect of natural decadal variability due to the short length of observations. Here we put the variabilitie
