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Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus is a destructive pest of the Norway spruce (Picea abies). Recent outbreaks in Europe have been attributed to global warming and other anthropogenic impacts. Bark beetles are guided by multiple complex olfactory cues throughout their life cycle. Male-produced aggregation pheromones, comprising 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and cis-verbenol, have been identified

In this study, we modeled the aerosol particle formation along air mass trajectories arriving at the remote Arctic research stations Gruvebadet (67 m a.s.l.) and Zeppelin (474 m a.s.l.), Ny-Ålesund, during May 2018. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of processes governing secondary aerosol formation in remote Arctic marine environments. We run the Lagrangian chemistry transpor

Our overall understanding of long-term climate dynamics is largely based on proxy data generated from archives such as ice cores, ocean sediments, tree rings, speleothems, and corals, whereas reconstructions of long-term changes in vegetation and associated climate during the Holocene are largely based on paleoecological records from peat and lake sequences, primarily pollen and plant macrofossil

Increasing occurrences of extreme weather events, such as the 2018 drought over northern Europe, are a concerning issue under global climate change. High-resolution archives of natural hydroclimate proxies, such as rapidly accumulating sediments containing biogenic carbonates, offer the potential to investigate the frequency and mechanisms of such events in the past. Droughts alter the barium (Ba)

Introduction: Uncertainty in the dose-response of low dose radiation raised concern of an increased cancer incidence in Sweden after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) accident. Material and methods: A closed cohort was created of all males ≥18 years of age living in the Northern Sweden in 1986. In total 826,400 individuals were enrolled including 40,874 hunters. A nested case-control design

During migratory endurance flights, which are energetically very demanding, migrants have to deal with prolonged elevated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To limit the damaging actions that ROS have on lipids and proteins, migrating birds are known to upregulate their antioxidant defence system. However, there may be additional ways to limit oxidative damage incurred from flying. Migra

Background: Birds have extremely elevated metabolic rates during migratory endurance flight and consequently can become physiologically exhausted. One feature of exhaustion is oxidative damage, which occurs when the antioxidant defense system is overwhelmed by the production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Migrating birds have been shown to decrease the amount of oxidative lipid damage

Taking advantage of Estonia's small size and population, we have employed wastewater-based epidemiology approach to monitor the spread of SARS-CoV-2, releasing weekly nation-wide updates. In this study we report results obtained between August 2020 and December 2021. Weekly 24 h composite samples were collected from wastewater treatment plants of larger towns already covered 65% of the total popul

Denna avhandling handlar om kapitalistisk stadsförnyelse och regleringen av bostadsfattigdom i Mumbai. Avhandlingen undersöker hur stadsutvecklingsregimer formar omflyttningar och styrning av befolkningen i Mumbai. Författaren använder etnografiskt utforskande av två storskaliga projekt: transportexpansion och pipelinesäkerhet samt två omlokaliserade samhällen och deras socio-politiska dynamik på This dissertation concerns capitalist urban redevelopment and the government of urban housing poverty. It examines the ways urban redevelopment regimes shape resettlements and governance of urban populations in Mumbai. The specific enquiries focus on salient accumulative and dispossessive dimensions of urban redevelopment and linked resettlement construction, the reformation of informal politics o

For more than a century the research on the Antikythera Mechanism engaged scientists from a widerange of scientific disciplines searching for clues, in order to solve the mystery that this unique ar-chaeological find poses. The results so far have been spectacular enough to re-write the History ofTechnology providing new aspects on the degree of technological sophistication and scientific de-velop

BACKGROUND: Malignant melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer. Female sex is known to have a protective effect on incidence, tumour characteristics, and mortality from melanoma. However, the potentially modifying effect of sex on the prognostic significance of clinicopathological and investigative factors is generally not taken into consideration in biomarker studies. In this study, we com

Tunnelling below water passages is a challenging task in terms of planning, pre-investigation and construction. Fracture zones in the underlying bedrock lead to low rock quality and thus reduced stability. For natural reasons, they tend to be more frequent at water passages. Ground investigations that provide information on the subsurface are necessary prior to the construction phase, but these ca

Streptococcus pyogenes is known to cause both mucosal and systemic infections in humans. In this study, we used a combination of quantitative and structural mass spectrometry techniques to determine the composition and structure of the interaction network formed between human plasma proteins and the surfaces of different S. pyogenes serotypes. Quantitative network analysis revealed that S. pyogene

I denna avhandling beskrivs processesen att implementera och optimisera metoder inom kvantitativ magnetresonansomografi (MRT) på en fältstyrka av 7 T. Metoderna är baserade på gradientekon med påtvingad transversell urfasning (spoiling) och applicerade på den mänskliga hjärnan i syfte att avbilda i huvudsak tre olika MR-parametrar: Den longitudinella relaxationstiden (T1), magnetization transfer s

UNLABELLED: Here we show that a common polymorphism causing a valine to methionine amino acid substitution at codon 418 (V418M) in the CLCN7 gene is associated with femoral neck BMD in women. Our study adds to accumulating evidence that shows that common allelic variants in monogenic bone disease genes often contribute to BMD regulation in normal subjects.INTRODUCTION: The CLCN7 gene is a strong c

The immune system has evolved through thousands of years and its architecture has challenged the medical field since the first hieroglyphs and will likely continue do so. With our co-evolution with millions of other species, the complexity to treat infectious diseases has been a race in increasing speed ever since. The establishment of penicillin shortened the length of that battle against a broad

Phosphatocopids are a group of small extinct marine crustaceans, which occur widespread in Cambrian dysoxic benthic lithofacies. Whereas the anatomy of the earliest ontogenetic stages of phosphatocopids, from the head larva with four pairs of appendages onward, is well documented, that of more advanced or adult growth stages has remained almost unknown (except for the external shields). Here we de