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Popular Abstract in Swedish TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor eller Tumör-Nekrotisk-Faktor) är en molekyl som utsöndras av kroppens makrofager (latin för storätare) när dessa kommer i kontakt med bakterier. Det TNF som bildas aktiverar andra celler, särskilt vita blodkroppar och de celler som täcker blodkärlsväggens yta (endotelceller). Syftet med detta är att aktivera kroppens immunförsvar och döda baktTNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which binds to two cell surface receptors, TNF-R55 and TNF-R75. The receptors undergo proteolytic cleavage and release a fragment (soluble TNF-receptors or TNF-Binding Protein), TNF-R55-BP and TNF-R75-BP. Soluble TNF-receptors are able to bind and inactivate TNF. The release of soluble TNF-receptors was measured with ELISA. TNF binding cap

It has been generally accepted that residual cartilage and subchondral bone has to be removed in order to get bony fusion in arthrodeses. In 1998 we reported successful fusion of 11 rheumatoid ankles, all treated with percutaneous fixation only. In at least one of these ankle joints there was cartilage left. More than 25 rheumatoid patients with functional alignment in the ankle joint have subsequ

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vårt immunsystem är uppbyggt runt två typer av celler som har som uppgift att försvaraoss mot infektioner. T lymfocyterna står för det cellmedierade immunförsvaret som är speciellt viktigt för att bekämpa virusinfektioner med B lymfocyterna har som uppgift att producera antikroppar. Antikroppar finns i alla kroppsvätskor och kan interagera med toxiner, virus och bakteriEach immunoglobulin (Ig) V gene segment contains an upstream promoter region. The octamer element and the TATA box are the only elements that are conserved in all Ig promoters. The presence of the octamer element is necessary, but not sufficient to support high levels of transcription. Therefore, the activity of other co-stimulatory elements is required. This investigation has focused on the study

Popular Abstract in Swedish Att få en övergripande förståelse för hur mänskliga celler påverkas av metallbaserade läkemedel är viktigt, eftersom de har visat sig vara väldigt effektiva för behandling av exempelvis testikel- och äggstockscancer. För att utforska bakomliggande orsaker har forskningsprojektets utgångspunkt varit att studera kliniskt välkarakteriserade metallbaserade läkemedel som exeGaining a detailed understanding of how human cells are affected by metal-based drugs is crucial, since these drugs have shown great potential in cancer treatment. Cisplatin is used to treat many different types of cancer, e.g. testicular, ovarian, melanoma, bladder, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, myelomas and lymphomas. The miRNA expression profiles in different human cancers

Popular Abstract in Swedish Arbetet i denna avhandling syftar till att förbättra etanolproduktionen från lignocellulosa. Etanol framställd från förnyelsebara råvaror har fått förnyad uppmärksamhet på grund av den växande medvetenheten om den globala uppvärmningen och farhågor för en trytande tillgång på olja. Lignocellulosa utgör en potentiell råmaterialkälla för framtida storskalig etanolproduktiThe work presented in this thesis has been aiming at improving ethanol production from lignocellulose. Ethanol from renewable resources is receiving renewed attention due to apprehensions of global warming and dwindling oil reserves. Lignocellulose constitutes a potential raw material source for large scale ethanol production. To produce ethanol from lignocellulose, the hemicellulose and cellulose

Plant ecologists have placed increasing emphasis on a functional understanding of vegetation. One way to gain insight into the assemblage of vegetation communities is to investigate plant trait responses to environmental gradients or experimental treatments. We present simulations of responses of suites of traits to treatments differing in soil resources and disturbance intensity, in order to cons

The paper is based on an inventory of crofts and cottages that was made in the parish of Länghem in the southern part of the province of Västergötland, Sweden at the end of the 1950ies and the beginning of the 1960ies. The parish of Länghem has both manors (the medieval Torpa and Hofsnäs and the 17th century Sällerås) and independent villages. The inventory was made quite traditionally. We tried t

In this paper we present new relative sea-level data from southern Greenland, a key area for understanding the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) response to climate change. Within fourteen lakes and marine lagoons from the inner part of Bredefjord (Nordre Sermilik) in southern Greenland, isolations revealed by stratigraphic and palaeoecological analyses are dated and relative sea levels reconstructed. Due

The use of celestial or geomagnetic orientation cues can lead migratory birds along different migration routes during the migratory journeys, e.g. great circle routes (approximate), geographic or magnetic loxodromes. Orientation cage experiments have indicated that migrating birds are capable of detecting magnetic compass information at high northern latitudes even at very steep angles of inclinat

The bird-lemming hypothesis postulates that breeding success of tundra-nesting geese and waders in Siberia follows the cyclic pattern of lemming populations, as a result of predators switching from lemmings to birds when the lemming, population crashes. We present 50 years of data on constant-effort catches of red knot Calidris canutus and curlew sandpiper C. ferruginea at an autumn migratory stop

The commercial feasibility of ethanol production from biomass is dependent on the availability of lignocellulose in large amounts at low cost. Various kinds of agricultural residues are of interest, due to the fact that these feedstocks have well-established cultivation procedures already in place, as well as technology for harvest and transportation. In the current work, the utilization of sugarc

Dynamics of optically excited electronic states have been studied in solid films and solutions of semiconducting polymers and model compounds. Transient absorption, monitored in the spectral range from 0.9 eV to 2.5 eV with a time resolution of about 100 fs, was the main experimental technique. Transient anisotropy, obtained from different polarizations of light, was employed to trace the dipole m

Popular Abstract in Swedish Alla friska människor har 46 kromosomer, 23 av dessa härstammar från modern och 23 från fadern. Kromosomer är långa kedjor av nukleinsyror som innehåller den genetiska informationen (arvsanlagen) som behövs för att ett befruktat ägg skall kunna utvecklas till en individ bestående av miljontals celler med mycket specialiserade och avancerade uppgifter. Den här utvecklingThe cells in B cell development can be divided into several subgroups or fractions, e.g. early-pro-B-, pro-B, large-pre-B-, small-pre-B-, immature and mature B cells, where the stages reflect the maturity degree of the cells. This characterization is based on the expression of intracellular markers such as the recombination activating genes 1 and 2(Rag 1 and Rag 2), the terminal deoxynucleotidyl t

Adsorption of cationic polyelectrolytes onto polystyrene latices was studied as function of polymer chemical composition and molecular weight, polymer and surface charge density and ionic strength. The ratio between polymer charges and surface charges was close to one when distances between polymer and surface charges were equal. Overcompensation of the surface charge was obtained at higher polyme

Steady state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy have been used to investigated the energy transfer in photosynthetic purple bacteria. Picosecond light pulses were used in measurements of Rb. sphaeroides WT and a LH1-deleted mutant, demonstrating that the energy trapping into the reaction center in both species occur on the same time-scale, and that the excitation energy is

The nineteenth century’s long term planning and successive construction of new burial grounds and new ways of burial, with the help of among others scientific, technical and ideological strategies, have been quite successful in institutionalising a consciousness of what a proper place of death should be like. For the architect Augustus Welby Pugin the promotion of a revival of the Gothic style in

The biological functions of proteins depend on their physical interactions with other molecules, such as proteins and peptides. Therefore, modeling the protein-ligand interactions is important for understanding protein functions in different biological processes. We have focused on the cleavage specificities of HIV-1 protease, HCV NS3 protease and caspases on short oligopeptides or in native prote

The relative complexity of the mechanisms underlying savanna ecosystem dynamics, in comparison to other biomes such as temperate and tropical forests, challenges the representation of such dynamics in ecosystem and Earth system models. A realistic representation of processes governing carbon allocation and phenology for the two defining elements of savanna vegetation (namely trees and grasses) may