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Background: Risks that are potentially associated with long-term therapies should be assessed. Objective: The present analyses were performed to determine the risk of malignancy in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving subcutaneous (sc) interferon (IFN) beta-1a, using pooled safety data from key clinical trials and data from the Merck Serono Global Drug Safety database. Methods: The stan
The present status of particle physics is that the Standard Model has been completed with the discovery of theHiggs boson in 2012, but there is a multitude of phenomena in nature which is not accounted for by this model.Researchers are investigating possibilities for detecting new physics at the current particle physics facilities, withthe Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the frontier. As no signifi
The Covid-19 crisis has led to widespread impacts on society, not only in terms of high death tolls, but also in terms of cascading effects for essentially all societal sectors; especially due to all measures taken to reduce the spread of the disease. A range of actors have become involved in the response to the pandemic and to ensure appropriate actions being taken, these actors need good situatiThe Covid-19 crisis has led to widespread impacts on society, not only in terms of high death tolls, but also in terms of cascading effects for essentially all societal sectors; especially due to all measures taken to reduce the spread of the disease. A range of actors have become involved in the response to the pandemic and to ensure appropriate actions being taken, these actors need good situati
Galatians is a polemical letter which contains a substantial amount of argumentative passages. Paul evidently wanted to persuade by using the best arguments possible to convince his addressees. Using a state-of-the-art method from the discipline of argumentation analysis, Paul's argumentation can be analysed with a precision that standard exegetical methods cannot provide. The pragma-dialectical m
The sequence diversity of protein families is a result of the biophysical selection pressures that shaped their evolutionary history. Among the dominant pressures is selection for protein thermostability, which in itself is an attractive target in protein engineering because of its importance for various biopharmaceutical properties, the performance of industrial enzymes, and the ability to design
This thesis presents methods to derive and model the performance characteristics of interior permanent magnet machines – a machine type which is commonly used for propulsion of electrical vehicles. The thesis divides the performance characteristics into three subcategories: The electromagnetic properties, the loss profile and the thermal behaviour of the machines. One separate characterisation met
Ethics is increasingly recognized as one of several important dimensions of performance. Yet, performance audit, or value-for-money audit, as conducted by supreme audit institutions (SAIs), does not typically include this dimension. Instead, the focus is on the classical ‘three Es’ (efficiency, economy and effectiveness). The reluctance to address issues of ethical misconduct has taken the audit p
Recent randomised trials have demonstrated a survival benefit for a front-line ipilimumab and nivolumab combination therapy, and pembrolizumab and axitinib combination therapy in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. The European Association of Urology Guidelines Panel has updated its recommendations based on these studies. Patient summary: Pembrolizumab plus axitinib is a new standard of ca
At self-similarity the strain history is implicit in and deducible from the strain field at each instance of the loading process. This fact is taken advantage of in a FEM-technique which allows the load to be applied in one single step, only, even when the incremental theory of plastic flow has to be used.Two self-similar problems are solved. Firstly an analytically solvable anti-plane strain crac
Forest ecosystems, covering over a third of land on the Earth, play a significant role in the global hydrological cycle, and influence soil erosion and climate change. However, the distribution, movements, quality of water, and hydrological processes in forested ecosystems are not well understood yet. This thesis aims to improve our understanding of the interaction between forest ecosystems and waForest ecosystems, covering over a third of land on the Earth, play a significant role in the global hydrological cycle, and influence soil erosion and climate change. However, the distribution, movements, quality of water, and hydrological processes in forested ecosystems are not well understood yet. This thesis aims to improve our understanding of the interaction between forest ecosystems and wa
We investigate the formation mechanism responsible for two specific systems of mesoporous silicas formed with the so-called co-structure directing agent (CSDA) route. The synthesis relies on the interactions between silica source (tetraethylorthosilicate, TEOS), surfactants and CSDA. The structures of the mesoporous silica materials were investigated mainly by small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD),
Neutron macromolecular crystallography (NMX) is a complementary technique to X-ray crystallography leveraging neutron scattering properties of the hydrogen isotope deuterium (2H). Production of deuterium labelled molecules together with large crystal requirements for neutron crystallography are few of several bottlenecks limiting implementation of this technique for a wider range of proteins. Perd
Background & Objective: Patients with mild hypothyroidism often are depressed and have impaired quality of life despite serum free-T4 and T3 within reference values. Therefore, we investigated whether their symptoms were dependent on the concentrations of free -T4 and T3 in the circulation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods: Twenty-five newly diagnosed, untreated hypothyroid subjects and a
Perinatal exposure to nutrients and dietary components may affect the risk for coeliac disease (CD). We investigated the association between maternal use of vitamin D, n-3 fatty acids (FA) and Fe supplements during pregnancy and risk for CD autoimmunity (CDA) and CD in the offspring. Children at increased genetic risk were prospectively followed from birth in The Environmental Determinants of Diab
Background and purpose — A tapered, polished and collarless stem is normally equipped with a hollow centralizer to prevent the stem from becoming end-bearing in the cement as the stem subsides. In a randomized clinical trial, we evaluated such a stem (MS-30), which was initially introduced with a solid centralizer but was later recommended to be fitted with a hollow centralizer. We hypothesized th
