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The influence of temperature on cost and energy consumption during nanofiltration has been evaluated. The effect of temperature on pressure drop, fouling, concentration polarisation and changes in the membrane performance were evaluated experimentally and theoretically. Nanofiltration experiments using pure solutions and wastewater from the meat industry were performed at 25 and 55 °C with an Alfa
This paper reports on a retrospective analysis of hospital-based healthcare costs associated with the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). During the second half of 2001, Simrishamn Hospital, Sweden, implemented a structured Disease Management Programme (DMP) for COPD and a total of 784 patients with COPD, enrolled in the DMP, were included in the analysis. The goal was to r
Objective: Assess the cost effectiveness of budesonide/formoterol (BUD/FORM) Turbuhaler (R) +tiotropium (TIO) HandiHaler (R) vs. placebo (PBO)+TIO in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) eligible for inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting beta(2)-agonists (ICS/LABA). Methods: The cost-effectiveness analysis was based on the 12-week, randomised, double-blind CLIMB trial. The stud
This thesis investigates the cost efficiency of two drivetrain configurations—Battery Only and Hydrogen-Battery—for use in mini-trains operating on non-electrified rural railways. The study focuses solely on drivetrain-related components, in cluding onboard energy storage, traction systems, and associated infrastructure such as charging stations and hydrogen refueling facilities. A comprehensive l
The current and future costs of willow short rotation coppice production in Sweden are analysed, considering all relevant cost factors explicitly. The future production costs are estimated considering effects of coppice area expansion and learning. The current and future costs of land and of risk premiums are subsequently estimated. Subsidies for farmers are not considered. If the area of willow c
Water damage in homes and buildings can cause moisture problems such as mold growth and negative health effects for residents. The water damage from building services not only affects the indoor environment but leads to costs for society both in Sweden and other countries. This paper aims to make a cost analysis to attain an estimate of the cost of water damages to society. The analysis is based o
The international prognostic index (IPI) and similar models form the cornerstone of clinical assessment in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). While being simple and convenient to use, their inadequate use of the available clinical data is a major weakness. In this study, we compared performance of the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and its variations (R-IPI and NCCN-IPI)
Background: Studies have found a positive effect of low/moderate alcohol consumption on wages. This has often been explained by referring to epidemiological research showing that alcohol has protective effects on certain diseases, i.e., the health link is normally justified using selected epidemiological information. Few papers have tested this link between alcohol and health explicitly, including
The aim of this study was to determine the threshold of fracture probability at which interventions become cost-effective. We modeled the effects of a treatment costing $500/year, given for 5 years, that decreased the risk of all osteoporotic fractures by 35%, followed by a waning of effect for 5 years. Sensitivity analyses included a range of effectiveness (10%-50%) and a range of intervention co
We develop a general patch-use model of central place foraging, which subsumes and extends several previous models. The model produces a catalog of central place effects predicting how distance from a central place influences the costs and benefits of foraging, load-size, quitting harvest rates, and giving-up densities. In the model, we separate between costs that are load-size dependent, i.e. a d
In the Swiss canton of Geneva, an energy efficiency portfolio has been operated since 2009. In contrast, such programs have been in place for more than 40 years in the US. There are numerous lessons to be learnt from their experience. We have therefore conducted a comparative analysis including Geneva and 11 leading states in the US, with the objective to identify explanatory factors for the succe
Objective. To compare how costs relate to disability, disease activity, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF)-treated patients with RA in southern Sweden (n = 2341) were monitored 2005-2010. Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28), and EQ-5D scores were linked to register-derived
Popular Abstract in Swedish I början av 1990-talet accepterade Vägverket metoden att mäta nyttan av trafiksäkerhet utifrån skattning av enskilda individers betalningsvilja för riskreduktion. Sedan dess har det diskuterats hur man ska gå tillväga för att finna den mest tillförlitliga metoden för att empiriskt mäta individernas betalningsvilja. Syftet med denna avhandling är att beskriva och analyseAt the beginning of the 1990s the Swedish National Road Administration (SNRA) adopted the willingness to pay (WTP) approach for estimating the benefits of safety improvements. However, since then there have been discussions about how to find the most valid and reliable empirical methods to conduct WTP studies. The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze approaches used to estimate the va
After electrophoresis of an alkaline extract of type 15 group A streptococci, three main precipitation lines were obtained in diffusion experiments against commercial human polyclonal IgG (lines 1, 2 and 3). Nineteen of 23 sera (83%) from apparently healthy human individuals gave line 3, while 6 of them (26%) gave line 1. The sera giving line 1 did also give line 3. Line 2 was obtained with 2 sera
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) patients who have progressed following treatment with both bortezomib and lenalidomide have a poor prognosis. In this late stage, other effective alternatives are limited, and patients in Sweden are often left with best supportive care. Pomalidomide is a new anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory drug for the treatment of MM. Our objective was to evaluate the cost e
In this thesis I examined a phenotypically plastic defence in a common freshwater snail, Radix balthica. Adaptive prey defences may involve behavioural, life-history or morphological changes. Snails are important species in freshwater systems. Their role as grazers on periphytic algae makes them particularly important as they have a positive impact on macrophyte growth in lakes and ponds. The str
Activating the immune system has associated fitness costs, both immediate costs in the form of reduced current reproduction and long-term costs in the form of reduced life span and future reproduction. This indicates that immune system activation can be an important agent in life history trade-offs. In this review, we evaluate the importance of four currencies generally considered as potential med
Background: In the Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial (MBTST), digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) increased the detection rate of breast cancer compared to currently used digital mammography (DM). This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of DBT versus DM in Sweden using data from MBTST. Materials and method: A health economic model was used to compare a breast cancer screening programme
The global pandemic has initially negatively influenced the financial markets all over the world. As a consequence, the volatility in the stock markets increased and investors have experienced great monetary losses. In addition, the volatility spillover has increased between different markets and assets, which additionally amplifies the negative influence by the pandemic. This motivates the search
