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The last step of aerobic respiration, the reduction of dioxygen to water, is catalysed by terminal oxidases. These oxidases can be divided into two unrelated families, the heme-copper oxidases and the cytochrome bd-type oxidases. These enzymes contain two or more heme molecules as prosthetic groups. Heme is an iron-containing ring-closed tetrapyrrole. All eukaryotic and most bacterial oxidases bel
