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En huvudprincip i den svenska rättsordningen är att den vinnande parten i en rättegång ska få gottgörelse för de kostnader man haft för att tillvarata sin rätt. Har en kostnad inte varit skäligen påkallad för att tillvarata vinnande parts rätt, kan rätten komma att döma ut ett lägre belopp än vad den vinnande parten yrkat ersättning för, enligt 18 kap. 8 § rättegångsbalken (1942:740). Enligt 6 § iA key principle within Swedish civil procedural law is that the prevailing party in a trial shall be reimbursed for costs caused by the need to safeguard his rights and interests. However, under Section 8 in Chapter 18 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Proceedings (1942:740), a court may rule that the prevailing party shall not be awarded the full costs of his demand if the costs have not been reaso

We have implemented a non-null type checker for Java and a new non-null inferencing algorithm for analyzing legacy code. The tools are modular extensions to the JastAdd extensible Java compiler, illustrating how pluggable type systems can be achieved. The resulting implementation is compact, less than 230 lines of code for the non-null checker and 460 for the inferencer. Non-null checking is a loc

This paper describes the optimization of the word lengths in an 8 k-points pipelined FFT processor. The word lengths can be freely chosen since the FFT is implemented as a full custom ASIC. According to the specification, input and output word lengths are 12 bits but improved performance on be achieved by using a longer wordlength internally. Increased wordlength means increased size, both for mem

Collagen IX containing the N-terminal non-collagenous domain 4 (NC4) domain is unique to cartilage and a member of the family of fibril-associated collagens with both collagenous and non-collagenous domains. Collagen IX is located at the surface of fibrils formed by collagen II and a minor proportion of collagen XI, playing roles in tissue stability and integrity. The NC4 domain projects out from

Pollination by bees is important for food production. Recent concerns about the declines of both domestic and wild bees, calls for measures to promote wild pollinator populations in farmland. However, to be able to efficiently promote and prioritize between measures that benefit pollinators, such as modified land use, agri-environment schemes, or specific conservation measures, it is important to

There have been several agreements over the years dealing with issue of arms control agreements, but no a specifically small arms and light weapons (SALW) control agreement. Nonetheless, transfer of arms could only be seen as legal when conducted in consistency with international law. There are to our use fundamental international legal principles that define how and when weapons can be engaged an

Since the first issuance in 1994, Swedish Government inflation indexed bonds have given a higher return then their nominal counterpart. This is despite the fact that investors can reduce the risks of inflation. Findings on other markets, as the US bond market, suggest that the higher return can be explained by the lower liquidity of inflation indexed bonds relative the nominal bonds. The aim of th

Buildings such as castles and palaces were or of utmost importance for the display of social rank and the production of legitimacy for the Scandinavian elites. The palace could be a specific building inside a castle, integrated into a fortified structure, or unfortified. This chapter discusses how the Scandinavian elite during the Early and High Middle Ages used buildings and locations in the landBuildings such as castles and palaces were of utmost importance for the display of social rank and the production of legitimacy for the Scandinavian elites. The palace could be a specific building inside a castle, integrated into a fortified structure, or unfortified. This chapter discusses how the Scandinavian elite during the Early and High Middle Ages used buildings and locations in the landsca

A technique for implementing Ada with reasonable effort on a piece of non-standard hardware is described. The target machine is a single processing element in an experimental multiprocessor based on NS32000. A portable Ada front-end compiler was used for retargeting, and the process of acquiring and evaluating the front end is described. Based on this experience, comments on the validation, qualit

BACKGROUND: Corin is a protease expressed in cardiomyocytes that plays a key role in salt handling and intravascular volume homeostasis via activation of natriuretic peptides. It is unknown if Corin loss-of-function (LOF) is causally associated with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: We analyzed all coding CORIN variants in an Italian case-control study of CAD. We functionally tested

The objective of this article was to assess the cost-effectiveness of screening strategies for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A decision analytic model was constructed to estimate the costs and benefits of one-off screening strategies differentiated by screening age, sex and the threshold for initiating statin therapy (“uniform” or “age-adjusted”) from the Spanish NHS perspective. The age-adjusted

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities of postheparin plasma, heart, lungs, and adipose tissue, and salt-resistant lipase (hepatic lipase, SRL) activities of postheparin plasma, liver, and adrenals were examined in essential fatty acid deficient (EFAD) rats and in age-matched controls. The LPL activity of heart was higher in the deficient than in the control rats, but did not differ in the other tissLipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities of postheparin plasma, heart, lungs, and adipose tissue, and salt-resistant lipase (hepatic lipase, SRL) activities of postheparin plasma, liver, and adrenals were examined in essential fatty acid deficient (EFAD) rats and in age-matched controls. The LPL activity of heart was higher in the deficient than in the control rats, but did not differ in the other tiss

During fracture of membranes loading often produces buckles above and below the crack surface. This changes the stress state surrounding the crack-tip and stresses in the neighbourhood of the crack-tip posses a weaker singularity than r-1/2. As a result, fracture occurs when the crack-tip stress distribution is different as compared with that when buckling is artificially prevented. Therefore the During fracture of membranes loading often produces buckles above and below the cracksurface. This changes the stress state surrounding the crack-tip and stresses in theneighbourhood of the crack-tip posses a weaker singularity than r-1/2. As a result, fractureoccurs when the crack-tip stress distribution is different as compared with that when bucklingis artificially prevented. Therefore the cond