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Embedded real-time systems must meet timing constraints while minimizing energy consumption. To this end, many energy optimizations are introduced for specific platforms or specific applications. These solutions are not portable, however, and when the application or the platform change, these solutions must be redesigned. Portable techniques are hard to develop due to the varying tradeoffs experie
Applications hosted in the cloud have become indispensable in several contexts, with their performance often being key to business operation and their running costs needing to be minimized. To minimize running costs, most modern virtualization technologies such as Linux Containers, Xen, and KVM offer powerful resource control primitives for individual provisioning - that enable adding or removing
In the near future, the number of connected mobile devices and data-rates are expected to dramatically increase. Demands exceed the capability of the currently deployed (4G) wireless communication systems. Development of 5G systems is aiming for higher data-rates, better coverage, backward compatibility, and conforming with “green communication” to lower energy consumption. Massive Multiple-Input
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process where metals are joined without melting. Heat is generated by friction between a rotating non-consumable tool and the work-piece material, and by mechanical deformation of the material. The process, invented in 1991, provides several benefits over arc welding and other fusion processes: No filler material has to be added, low energy cons
Nutrients control on the productivity of brownified aquatic ecosystems Problem analysis Departments of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Mayra Rulli Supervisors: Martin Berggren (INES, LU) Ann-Kristin Bergström (EMG, UMU) Ryan Sponseller (EMG, UMU) 10th November 2020 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ...........................................................................
https://www.nateko.lu.se/sv/sites/nateko.lu.se.sv/files/mayra_rulli_problem_analysis.pdf - 2026-07-17
A transceiver suitable for devices in wireless body area networks is presented. Stringent requirements are imposed by the high link loss between opposite sides of the body, about 85 dB in the 2.45 GHz ISM band. Despite this, minimum physical size and power consumption are required, and we target a transceiver with 1 mm2 chip area, 1 mW active power consumption, and data rate 250 kbit/s. The receiv
Despite recent attempts to relax the phase-noise demands on voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) for cellular communications [1], mainstream radios require harmonic VCOs capable of a very low phase noise with moderate power consumption, associated to a large tuning range (TR) and a high insensitivity to interfering signals. Ideally, the TR should be in excess of one octave, since this allows the
This paper presents a low voltage continuous-time delta-sigma modulator (DSM) intended for the receiver of an ultra-low-power radio. The DSM features a 2nd-order loop filter implemented with a single operational amplifier to reduce the power consumption. Furthermore, a 4-bit quantizer is used to achieve high resolution while keeping the sampling frequency low. The quantizer is realized using the s
A low-power high linearity CMOS G(m)-C channel select filter for WLAN/WiMAX receivers in 90-nm CMOS technology is presented. To reduce power consumption a biquad cell with simple architecture is used. A simple but efficient technique is also proposed to improve the linearity of the filter without increasing its power consumption. Coarse and fine tuning techniques are used to tune the cutoff freque
As 5G is entering maturity, the research interest has shifted towards 6G, and specially the new use cases that the future telecommunication infrastructure needs to support. These new use cases encompass much higher requirements, specifically: higher communication data-rates, larger number of users, higher accuracy in localization, possibility to wirelessly charge devices, among others.The radio ac
Gruv- och ballastindustrin utgör en mycket viktig sektor i den svenska ekonomin. Där gruvindustrin operar på den globala arenan medan sten branschen operar på regional/lokal basis. Efterfrågan av metaller- och byggnadsmaterial har ökat under det senaste decenniet och mängden fasta mineraler och stenar som tas ut ur jordskorpan är nästan 80 miljarder ton per år, med ballast som den största delen.DeThe mining and quarrying industries represent a highly important sector of the Swedish economy. The mining industry operates globally, whereas the quarrying industry operates on a regional/local basis. Demands for metal and construction aggregates have increased over the last decade, and almost 80 billion tons of solid minerals and rocks are extracted from the earth’s crust each year. Construction
Forests and forestry are relevant for multiple uses and benefits. The increasing urgency of climate change warrants consideration of how to balance use of forests as a carbon sink and use of wood for products. Carbon sink benefits are recognized in climate science, international climate policy, and also integrated into, e.g. the EU’s climate mitigation pathways. Climate benefits of forest products
This paper presents a multimode soft-output multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal detector that is efficient in hardware cost and energy consumption. The detector is capable of dealing with spatial-multiplexing (SM),break space-division-multiple-access (SDMA), and spatial-diversity (SD) signals of 4 ✕ 4 antenna and 64-QAM modulation. Implementation-friendly algorithms, which reuse most of t
Massive MIMO can greatly increase both spectral and transmit-energy efficiency. This is achieved by allowing the number of antennas and RF chains to grow very large. However, the challenges include high system complexity and hardware energy consumption. Here we investigate the possibilities to reduce the required number of RF chains, by performing antenna selection. While this approach is not a ve
This paper presents class-D CMOS oscillators capable of an excellent phase noise performance from a very low power supply voltage. Starting from the recognition of the time-variant nature of the class-D LC tank, accurate expressions of the oscillation frequency, oscillation amplitude, current consumption, phase noise, and figure-of-merit (FoM) have been derived. Compared with the commonly used cla
Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication is a challenging but fast growing technology that has potential to enhance traffic safety and efficiency. It can also provide environmental benefits in terms of reduced fuel consumption. The effectiveness and reliability of these applications highly depends on the quality of the V2V communication link, which rely upon the properties of the propagation channel
Analog decoders are constructed based on interconnecting CMOS Gilbert vector multipliers using transistors operating in the sub-VT region. They are seen as an interesting alternative to digital implementations with a low transistor count and a potential for a very low power consumption. Analog implementation makes the circuit sensitive to mismatch, requiring careful transistor sizing. A simulation
This paper presents a heterogeneous reconfigurable cell array, designed for high-throughput baseband processing of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. To achieve high performance and energy efficiency while retaining high flexibility, the proposed architecture adopts heterogeneous and hierarchical resource deployments. Additionally, extensive vector computation enhancements and flexible
Correct estimation of symbol timing, Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO), and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is crucial in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication. Typically, high estimation accuracy is desired, but often comes with increased complexity. Which has a direct repercussion in energy consumption. In this article, an architecture based on Sign-Bit estimation with low com
A new sampler with embedded FIR filter was designed with the charge sampling technique. The filter functions by summing the weighted current on a passive capacitor and the weighting factors are decided by the FIR coefficients. The performance of the filter can well compete with conventional analog filter but with smaller area and less power consumption. A testing chip was designed with 2 V supply,
