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A new mechanistic model of drug release during the lag phase from coated pellets undergoing cracking in the coating due to the hydrostatic pressure built up inside the pellet has been developed. The model describes dynamically all the main release processes occurring during the lag phase in pellets coated with a semi-permeable membrane, i.e. the influx of solvent driven by the difference in osmoti
BACKGROUND: Host-related and environment-related factors have been shown to play a role in the development of tuberculosis (TB), but few studies were carried out to identify their respective roles in resource-poor countries. METHODS: A multicentre case-control study was conducted in Guinee, Guinea Bissau, and The Gambia, from January 1999 to March 2001. Cases were newly detected smear positive TB
A species-wide phylogeographical study of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus ) was performed using the whole 1140 base pair mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome b gene. We examined 83 specimens from 52 localities resulting in 65 unique haplotypes. Our results demonstrate that the root vole is divided into four main mtDNA phylogenetic lineages that seem to have largely allopatric distributions. Net diverge
Methods of analysing and interpreting two-dimensional velocity field data in order to understand the scales of turbulence of bubbly two-phase flow were developed. Reynolds decomposition and large eddy simulation (LES) decompositions (low-pass filtering), in conjunction with proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) energy spectra analysis, as well as adjusted convective decomposition (constant convect
The thesis uses, as a starting point for a discussion of emergency response management, the problem of gradual coordinated adaptation of management functions in relation to an event and its dynamics. Empirical observations and analyses carried out in the research project show that important problemsolving processes not included in, and sometimes diverging from, planning and preparations frequently
1 The effectiveness of antimuscarinic agents in the treatment of the overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome is thought to arise through blockade of bladder muscarinic receptors located on detrusor smooth muscle cells, as well as on nondetrusor structures. 2 Muscarinic M-3 receptors are primarily responsible for detrusor contraction. Limited evidence exists to suggest that M-2 receptors may have a role
Different functions for the programming of the cross flow in asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation were studied with the aim to find the flow conditions most suitable for the molar mass distribution analysis of high molecular weight polysaccharides. A mixture of four differently sized pullulans covering the molar mass range 5.8 x 10(3)-1.6 x 106 g mol(-1) were used as a model sample. Two type
We analyze the propagation of electromagnetic waves in nonlinear, bianisotropic, nondispersive, homogeneous media using simple waves and six-vector formalism. The Maxwell equations are formulated as an eigenvalue problem, whose solutions are equivalent to the characteristic propagation directions. We solve the oblique incidence of plane waves in vacuum on a half space of nonlinear material, and pr
This paper aims to identify and review new and unproven emergency department (ED) methods for improved evaluation in cases of suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Systematic news coverage through PubMed from 2000 to 2006 identified papers on new methods for ED assessment of patients with suspected ACS. Articles found described decision support models, new ECG methods, new biomarkers and point-
An approach to teaching calorimetry is offered through practical, versatile undergraduate experiments using an isothermal heat conduction calorimeter, which measures a variety of heat changes--enthalpies of phase changes, hydration, dissolution, adsorption and desorption, and reaction--as well as the metabolic rate of living organisms. Isothermal heat-conduction calorimetry is contrasted with adia
Agriculture in many African countries is characterised by large diversity in production and great variation in growing conditions, irrigation potential and access to markets. This variation has proved to be a difficult matter when adjusting national agricultural policies and development projects to local conditions. In the face of the recent trend of less support for agricultural extension servic
