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Background: Observational studies have consistently associated obesity with colorectal cancer risk. Because both traits are genetically determined and share some metabolic biomarkers, we hypothesized that obesity-related polymorphisms could also influence the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive population-based case-control study in 1,792 German colorectal c

Objective. This study aimed to survey current Swedish practices for performing and handling transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies. Material and methods. A Swedish Urology Network (SUNe) was organized for the distribution of information, survey studies and research collaborations. A web-based questionnaire was distributed to the members in 2011. Results. In this first SUNe survey, 137 (91

In this thesis we consider different tests for unit roots in the presence of structural change. We present the theory that lies behind unit roots, what we mean by structural change and try to detect the instances that “breaks” occur in the data. When performing a unit root test, when there is a structural change the results are biased toward accepting a unit root. Therefore, special care must be t

The main sustainability goal of many small islands in the North Sea is to become self supplied in renewable energy in 20-30 years. The majority of the islands are trying to repeat Samsø‘s success – to make a transition towards energy sustainable system by new energy production from local renewable sources such as wind, solar and biomass. However, for other islands like Spiekeroog island, a tourist

In an era of globalization, international legal frameworks and vigorous international politics, we cannot refrain from hearing about the extensive health crisis of the developing world. HIV/AIDS, Malaria and drug resistant tuberculosis are only a few of the widespread disease which appear almost surreal to the citizens of the industrial world. The debates and discussions regarding the importance o

Vessel-source pollution is regarded as one of the major sources that harm marine environment. It has become an issue of public concern since 20th century due to a series of oil pollution incidents on the sea. Fortunately, international law has been developed to control this source of pollution taking consideration of the importance of protection and preservation of marine environment and sustainab

Objective - To screen risk groups for low bone mineral density by quantitative ultrasound in primary health care. Design - Cross-sectional. Intervention - None. Subjects - Risk categories for osteoporosis (a fragility fracture, malabsorption, immobilisation, inflammatory joint disease, glucocorticoid, fenantoin or thyroxin treatment, renal insufficiency or "miscellaneous"), 775 women and 179 men a

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have relevant positive and negative impacts on environmental sustainability on various levels: First-order effects such as increasing electronic waste streams; second-order effects such as improved energy-efficiency of production; third-order effects such as a product-to-service shift in consumption or rebound effects in transport. In the simulation

This article shows how participation on national, regional and local levels is regulated in the infrastructure of the third generation of mobile telephony, 3G, in Sweden. This regulated participation, the “law in books”, is compared to participation in practice, the “law in action” perspective in the sense of the outcome and functionality of these regulations. This includes the identification of i

The main aim of this project was to explore whether the pine trees in Glen Affric (GAF), one of the more extensive pine woodlands in the northern Scottish Highlands, are, on average, reaching a senescent stage which could ultimately be detrimental to the sustainability of the pine woodland in this region under present management conditions This aim was realized by (1) comparing the mean stand age

A bone scan is a common method for monitoring bone metastases in patients with advanced prostate cancer. The Bone Scan Index (BSI) measures the tumor burden on the skeleton, expressed as a percentage of the total skeletal mass. Previous studies have shown that BSI is associated with survival of prostate cancer patients. The objective in this study was to investigate to what extent regional BSI mea

A new method for calibrating the hadron response of a segmented calorimeter is developed and successfully applied to beam test data. It is based on a principal component analysis of energy deposits in the calorimeter layers, exploiting longitudinal shower development information to improve the measured energy resolution. Corrections for invisible hadronic energy and energy lost in dead material in

In the recent years, large progresses in laser imaging techniques have allowed to extract spatially resolved 2D and 3D quantitative spray information even in optically dense situations. The main breakthrough of these techniques is the possibility of suppressing unwanted effects from multiple light scattering using Structured Illumination. Thanks to this new feature, effects due to light extinction

Cities of the future face challenges with respect to the quantity and quality of water resources, and multiple managerial options need to be considered in order to safeguard urban surface water quality. In a recently completed project on 'Source control options for reducing emissions of Priority Pollutants' (ScorePP), seven emission control strategies (ECSs) were developed and tested within a semi