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This article examines the links between post-conflict states’ troop contributions to international peacekeeping missions and security sector reform (SSR). It shows how SSR and troop-contribution preparations are increasingly interwoven and at times perceived as complementary by both external and internal actors. Some of the objectives sought after in SSR, such as the modernization of the military
Worldwide, information and communication technologies (ICT), particularly in the sense of digital literacy, are increasingly considered as both inevitable and indispensable parts of the school curriculum. Also, international student assessment studies like PISA have on several occasions assessed computer and information literacy. Additionally, classrooms, teaching and learning, as well as school a
The spectrum of Ti XFV has been observed in the wavelength region 80-550 Å using the fast ion beam spectroscopy method. 47 lines have been identified as transitions between the 2p4 3s, 3p, and 3d configurations in the 360-540 Å interval. The level identifications are supported by comparisons between observations and Hartree-Fock calculations along the F I isoelectronic sequence.
BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that interactions between selenium and arsenic in the body may affect their kinetics and toxicity. However, it is unknown how the elements influence each other in humans. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate potential interactions in the methylation of selenium and arsenic. METHODS: Urinary selenium (U-Se) and arsenic (U-As) were measured using inductively coupled p
In terms of genome size, the hepatitis B virus is the smallest virus known to infect humans and its compactness with multiple overlapping reading frames puts restraints on the emergence of mutations. In the papers included in this thesis we aimed to investigate genetic variation within the precore and core promoter region and to describe the origin, spread and diversification of HBV genotype A. We
We present the generalized signal detection theory (GSDT), where familiarity is described by a sparse binomial distribution of binary node activity rather than by normal distribution of familiarity. Items are presented in a distributed representation, where each node receives either noise only, or signal and noise. An old response (i.e., a ‘yes’ response) is made if at least one node receives sign
Global production rates of metals vary from iron at 1.4 billion ton per year to platinum with 200 ton per year. Resource scarcity starts to manifest itself in rising prices and supply limitations, and metal substitution has been a major argument among economists when putting considerations of resource scarcity aside. Here we investigate the potential limits to metal substitution. Present consumpti
Chloride ions play an important role in controlling excitability of principal neurons in the central nervous system. When neurotransmitter GABA is released from inhibitory interneurons, activated GABA type A (GABAA) receptors on principal neurons become permeable to chloride. Typically, chloride flows through activated GABAA receptors into the neurons causing hyperpolarization or shunting inhibiti
Providing health and social care to older persons is challenging, since older persons often have multiple diseases and a complex health situation. Hence many professions and organisations are involved. Lack of interprofessional and interorganisational collaboration leads to fragmented care. Care planning meetings before hospital discharge have long been used to overcome this fragmentation, but mee
Reaction of [Os3(CO)11(NCMe)] with bis-diphenylphosphanylethylene sulfide, {Ph2PCH2CH2}2S (PSP), leads to the formation of [Os3(CO)11(PSP)] and [{Os3(CO)11}2(-PSP)] in good yield. Similarly, treatment of [Os3(CO)10(NCMe)2] with PSP affords the cluster [Os3(CO)10(-PSP)], in which the two phosphanes of the PSP ligand coordinate to different osmium atoms of the same triosmium unit. Reaction of [Os3(C
Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) suspensions, at concentrations corresponding to a dilute and concentrated regime, were subjected to pasteurization, and heat treatments that favored beta-elimination reactions and pectin methyl esterase activity. The different heat treatments were combined with homogenization. Physicochemical properties such as content of insoluble/soluble material and insoluble/soluble
A search for the decay of a light Higgs boson (120-140 GeV) to a pair of weakly interacting, long-lived particles in 1.94 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV recorded in 2011 by the ATLAS detector is presented. The search strategy requires that both long-lived particles decay inside the muon spectrometer. No excess of events is observed above the expected background and limits on
The use of controlled dehydration for improvement of protein crystal diffraction quality is increasing in popularity, although there are still relatively few documented examples of success. A study has been carried out to establish whether controlled dehydration could be used to improve the anisotropy of crystals of the core protein of the human proteoglycan glypican-1. Crystals were subjected to
Founder mutations with a large impact in distinct populations have been described in Lynch syndrome. In Denmark, the MLH1 c.1667+2_1667_+8TAAATCAdelinsATTT mutation accounts for 25 % of the MLH1 mutant families. We used the national Danish hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer register to estimate the cumulative lifetime risks for Lynch syndrome-associated cancer in 16 founder mutation familie
Numerical properties of the smooth particle mesh Ewald (SPME) sum [U. Essmann, L. Perera, M. L. Berkowitz, T. Darden, H. Lee, and L. G. Pedersen, J. Chem. Phys. 103, 8577 (1995)] have been investigated by molecular dynamics simulation of ionic solutions and dipolar fluids. Scaling dependence of execution time on the number of particles at optimal performance have been determined and compared with
Organic geochemical assessment of seep oil from the Upper Ordovician (Hirnantian) Boda Limestone and solid bitumens from the Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) limestone formations in the Siljan Crater, Sweden indicates their generation primarily from peak oil window maturity, clay-rich marine source rocks that contained aquatic algal organic matter and were deposited in an anoxic environment. Biomar
Controlled dehydration of macromolecular crystals can lead to significant improvements in crystalline order, which often manifests itself in higher diffraction quality. Devices that can accurately control the humidity surrounding crystals on a beamline have led to this technique being increasingly adopted as experiments become easier and more reproducible. However, these experiments are often carr
Combining pheromone trapping and genetic analyses can be useful whentrying to resolve complexes of closely related insect taxa that are difficult to distinguishbased on morphological characters. Nearctic and Palearctic populations of the spruceseed moth, Cydia strobilella L., have been considered taxonomically synonymoussince 1983, but more recent work revealing distinct sex pheromones for Canadia
It is unknown whether lifestyle, including mental stimulation, and appropriate training interventions, may directly improve spatial navigation performance and its underlying neural substrates. Here we report that healthy younger and older men performing a cognitively demanding spatial navigation task every other day over 4 months display navigation-related gains in performance and stable hippocamp
